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Nonlocal correlations in quantum energy teleportation: Perspectives from their Majorana representations and information thermodynamics

Hiroaki Matsueda1,2,*, Yusuke Masaki1, Kanji Itoh1, Atsushi Ono3, and Joji Nasu3

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
  • 2Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
  • 3Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

  • *Contact author: hiroaki.matsueda.c8@tohoku.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 033137 – Published 8 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1yr5-sn98

Abstract

Motivated by anomalous nonlocal correlation in the Kitaev spin liquids, we propose a quantum energy teleportation protocol between remote partners Alice and Bob on a quantum spin model, and examine how its performance is characterized by Majorana fermions that clearly depict nonlocal correlations inherent in the model. In our model, Bob's energy extraction is activated by energy injection by Alice's projective measurement and subsequent classical communication of the measurement result. We derive two formulas: one for the maximally extracted energy by the protocol, ΔEBmax, and the other for the maximum of energy reduction in a local spin system where Bob performs feedback unitary operation, ΔEB,Bmax. The protocol aims to extract a positive amount of the former energy distinct from the latter due to the presence of an interaction between the local system and others. We find that the extracted energy becomes positive when a nonlocal correlator defined by Majorana fermions at Alice and Bob's sites is finite. We also find that the amount of the energy reduction becomes positive when another nonlocal Majorana correlator is finite. In both formulas, the correlators appear as a result of Bob's feedback unitary operation. We find that the latter formula is equal to the upper bound of energy extraction in the second law of effective information thermodynamics. We discuss the effective information-thermodynamical aspects behind the protocol at zero temperature.

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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 033137– Published 8 August, 2025
  • Received 7 December 2024
  • Accepted 23 July 2025
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