- Open Access
Automated physics-informed neural-network-based calibration of highly segmented silicon telescopes
Phys. Rev. Research 8, 043143 – Published 9 November, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/14mn-mtq3
Abstract
Transfer and multinucleon transfer reactions are essential tools for probing nuclear structure and reaction dynamics, requiring precise determination of the particle identification, energy, and emission angles of reaction products. The increasing granularity of modern silicon telescope arrays significantly enhances experimental capabilities but introduces major challenges for detector calibration, as conventional channel-by-channel approaches become inefficient, difficult to scale, and potentially inconsistent. In this work, we present a fully automated, physics-informed calibration framework based on neural networks, specifically designed for highly segmented silicon detector arrays. The method formulates calibration as a global optimization problem, in which detector gains and geometrical corrections are determined simultaneously by minimizing the width of the reconstructed excitation energy under two-body kinematic constraints. The approach relies exclusively on experimental data and well-established physical principles, without requiring explicit modeling of detector response. A distinctive feature of the method is the use of multiple neural network submodels sharing a common loss function with embedded physics constraints, enabling coherent and self-consistent calibration across all detector channels. This strategy ensures scalability, robustness, and reproducibility, making it particularly suitable for next-generation detector systems with increasing complexity. The performance of the method is demonstrated using experimental data from the Particle-Identification Silicon-Telescope Array in high-resolution fission studies in inverse kinematics. The results show excellent agreement with predicted kinematics, high-quality particle identification, and a significant improvement in calibration efficiency. The proposed framework provides a general and adaptable solution for the calibration of complex detector systems in modern nuclear physics experiments.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (9)
- K. Wimmer, Nucleon transfer reactions with radioactive beams, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 45, 033002 (2018).
- L. Bégué–Guillou, A. Lemasson, P. Morfouace, D. Ramos, J. Taieb, J. D. Frankland, M. Rejmund, G. Fremont, P. Gangnant, A. Cobo-Zarzuelo, et al., Performance of the particle-identification silicon-telescope array coupled with the magnetic spectrometer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A: Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 1090, 171671 (2026).
- S. Pullanhiotan, M. Rejmund, A. Navin, W. Mittig, and S. Bhattacharyya, Performance of VAMOS for reactions near the Coulomb barrier, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A: Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 593, 343 (2008).
- M. Rejmund, B. Lecornu, A. Navin, C. Schmitt, S. Damoy, O. Delaune, J. Enguerrand, G. Fremont, P. Gangnant, L. Gaudefroy, B. Jacquot, J. Pancin, S. Pullanhiotan, and C. Spitaels, Performance of the improved larger acceptance spectrometer: , Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A: Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 646, 184 (2011).
- M. Vandebrouck, A. Lemasson, M. Rejmund, G. Fremont, J. Pancin, A. Navin, C. Michelagnoli, J. Goupil, C. Spitaels, and B. Jacquot, Dual position sensitive MWPC for tracking reaction products at , Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A: Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip. 812, 112 (2016).
- e850_21 Collaboration, e850_21 GANIL dataset (GANIL, Large Heavy Ion National Accelerator, Caen, France, 2023), https://doi.org/10.26143/ganil-2023-e850_21.
- H. Kinsley and D. Kukieła, Neural Networks from Scratch in Python (Harrison Kinsley, Alabama, United States, 2020).
- A. Subasi, Practical Machine Learning for Data Analysis using Python (Academic Press, London, UK and San Diego, CA, 2020).
- M. Rejmund and A. Lemasson, Analysis of atomic charge state and atomic number for magnetic spectrometer using deep neural networks and fractionally labelled events, J. Instrum. 20, P08022 (2025).