Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

How and why physics faculty share their identities with students: Four personas

Alia Hamdan1,*, Ash Bista2, Dina L. Newman3, and Scott Franklin2,†

  • *Contact author: hamdana@unc.edu
  • †Contact author: svfsps@rit.edu

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 22, 010145 – Published 26 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tg9n-wphd

Abstract

We investigate how faculty share aspects of their identities to foster connections with students, finding significant nuances in what, how and when they decide to share. From interviews with 19 faculty, we identify and develop four personas: Brooke, the Trust Builder, prioritizes creating an environment of trust by openly discussing their identity, aiming to foster student openness. Wray adopts a walled-off approach, separating personal and professional life due to past negative experiences or a belief in the importance of that division. Casey, the Cautious Sharer, expresses concerns about potential alienation or backlash and approaches personal sharing with caution. Finally, Nour, the Identity Navigator, shares personal experiences to assist others in navigating their own identities, acknowledging the challenges of the college years. Communication of shared or adjacent identities is a key step toward developing an empathetic understanding that can facilitate taking appropriate supporting actions, and the nuances of how these identities are communicated add insight into how faculty can work within their comfort zones to better support students.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (59)

  1. G. D. Kuh, J. L. Kinzie, J. A. Buckley, B. K. Bridges, and J. C. Hayek, What Matters to Student Success: A Review of the Literature (National Postsecondary Education Cooperative, Washington, DC, 2006), Vol. 8.
  2. R. H. Macdonald, R. J. Beane, E. M. D. Baer, P. L. Eddy, N. R. Emerson, J. Hodder, E. R. Iverson, J. R. McDaris, K. O’Connell, and C. J. Ormand, Accelerating change: The power of faculty change agents to promote diversity and inclusive teaching practices, J. Geosci. Educ. 67, 330 (2019).
  3. M. D. Cox, 5: Faculty learning communities: Change agents for transforming institutions into learning organizations, Improve Acad. 19, 69 (2001).
  4. A. L. Meluch and S. C. Starcher, College student concealment and disclosure of mental health issues in the classroom: Students’ perceptions of risk and use of contextual criteria, Commun. Stud. 71, 768 (2020).
  5. S. A. Myers, A longitudinal analysis of students’ motives for communicating with their instructors, Commun. Educ. 66, 467 (2017).
  6. B. M. Rasmussen and F. Mishna, A fine balance: Instructor self-disclosure in the classroom, J. Teach. Soc. Work 28, 191 (2008).
  7. J. L. Cayanus and M. M. Martin, Teacher self-disclosure: Amount, relevance, and negativity, Commun. Q. 56, 325 (2008).
  8. M. Jebbour, University students’ perceptions of the effects of teacher self-disclosure in the English language classroom, J. Engl. Lang. Teach. Linguist. 3, 275 (2018).
  9. G. S. Goldstein and V. A. Benassi, The relation between teacher self-disclosure and student classroom participation, Teach. Psychol. 21, 212 (1994).
  10. E. McWilliam and P. Taylor, Teacher self-disclosure: Why, when and how do effective teachers do it, Educ. Res. Appl. 24, 1 (2017).
  11. S. Zhang, Q. Shi, S. Tonelson, and J. Robinson, Preservice and inservice teachers’ perceptions of appropriateness of teacher self-disclosure, Teach. Teach. Educ. 25, 1117 (2009).
  12. J. L. Cayanus, M. M. Martin, and A. K. Goodboy, The relation between teacher self-disclosure and student motives to communicate, Commun. Res. Rep. 26, 105 (2009).
  13. J. L. Cayanus, Effective instructional practice: Using teacher self-disclosure as an instructional tool, Commun. Teach. 18, 6 (2004).
  14. C. Sim, The personal as pedagogical practice, Teach. Teach. Educ. 10, 351 (2004).
  15. K. Hartlep, Self-reference and instructor self-disclosure: Is gossip easier to remember, Online J. Teach. Learn. CSU 63, 1 (2001).
  16. E. G. Holman, M. S. Paceley, and C. L. D. Courts, “I Share to Help Them See”: A mixed-method analysis of faculty use of self-disclosure in diversity courses, J. Soc. Work Educ. 59, 772 (2023).
  17. S. L. Craig, G. Iacono, M. S. Paceley, M. P. Dentato, and K. E. H. Boyle, Intersecting sexual, gender, and professional identities among social work students: The importance of identity integration, J. Soc. Work Educ. 53, 466 (2017).
  18. P. Newman, M. Bogo, and A. Daley, Self-disclosure of sexual orientation in social work field education: Field instructor and lesbian and gay student perspectives, Clin. Superv. 27, 215 (2008).
  19. T. G. Gates, Coming out in the social work classroom: Reclaiming wholeness and finding the teacher within, Soc. Work Educ. 30, 70 (2011).
  20. A. Brown, Out in the classroom: Self-disclosure as a “pedagogical tool”, Afr. J. Career Dev. 6, 142 (2024).
  21. A. Hamdan, A. Bista, D. Newman, and S. Franklin, Conceptual framework for understanding empathy in physics faculty, Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 20, 020148 (2024).
  22. Z. Hazari, G. Sonnert, P. M. Sadler, and M. Shanahan, Connecting high school physics experiences, outcome expectations, physics identity, and physics career choice: A gender study, J. Res. Sci. Teach. 47, 978 (2010).
  23. H. B. Carlone and A. Johnson, Understanding the science experiences of successful women of color: Science identity as an analytic lens, J. Res. Sci. Teach. 44, 1187 (2007).
  24. A. Simpson and Y. Bouhafa, Youths’ and adults’ identity in STEM: A systematic literature review, J. STEM Educ. Res. 3, 167 (2020).
  25. A. Sfard and A. Prusak, Telling identities: In search of an analytic tool for investigating learning as a culturally shaped activity, Educ. Res. 34, 14 (2005).
  26. J. Butler and G. Trouble, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (Routledge, 1990).
  27. J. E. Stets and P. J. Burke, Identity theory and social identity theory, Soc. Psychol. Q. 63, 224 (2000).
  28. E. Wenger, Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity, 1st ed. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1998).
  29. D. Holland, Identity and Agency in Cultural Worlds (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001).
  30. J. Cribbs, K. Piatek-Jimenez, and J. Mantone, The relationship between mathematics identity and personality attributes with students’ career goals, in North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 2015).
  31. A. Y. Kim, G. M. Sinatra, and V. Seyranian, Developing a STEM identity among young women: A perspective, Rev. Educ. Res. 88, 589 (2018).
  32. A. Mattheis, D. C.-R. De Arellano, and J. B. Yoder, A model of queer STEM identity in the workplace, J. Homosexuality 67, 1839 (2020).
  33. S. Rodriguez, A. Pilcher, and N. Garcia-Tellez, The influence of familismo on Latina student STEM identity development, J. Lat. Educ. 20, 177 (2021).
  34. L. G. McDermott, N. A. Mosley, and G. L. Cochran, Diverging nonlocal fields: Operationalizing critical disability physics identity with neurodivergent physicists outside academia, Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 20, 010111 (2024).
  35. M. A. Arroyo, The social, and emotional issues of teacher’s professional identity development, in Advances in Educational Technologies, and Instructional Design, edited by T. Madden-Dent and D. Oliver (IGI Global Scientific Publishing, Hershey, PA, 2021), pp. 101–118.
  36. M. Wilson, S. Ghosh, and K. Jason, Understanding sense of belonging of faculty and staff in higher education, Equal. Divers. Incl. Int. J. 45, 146 (2025).
  37. R. Rideau, “We’re just not acknowledged”: An examination of the identity taxation of full-time non-tenure-track women of color faculty members, J. Diversity Higher Educ. 14, 161 (2021).
  38. H. R. Gordon, K. Willink, and K. Hunter, Invisible labor and the associate professor: Identity and workload inequity, J. Diversity Higher Educ. 17, 285 (2024).
  39. G. Gibbs and M. Coffey, The impact of training of university teachers on their teaching skills, their approach to teaching and the approach to learning of their students, Active Learn. High. Educ. 5, 87 (2004).
  40. D. L. Reinholz and N. Apkarian, Four frames for systemic change in STEM departments, Int. J. STEM Educ. 5, 3 (2018).
  41. K. Rainey, M. Dancy, R. Mickelson, E. Stearns, and S. Moller, Race and gender differences in how sense of belonging influences decisions to major in STEM, Int. J. STEM Educ. 5, 10 (2018).
  42. K. M. Cooper and S. E. Brownell, Coming out in class: Challenges and benefits of active learning in a biology classroom for LGBTQIA students, CBE Life Sci. Educ. 15, ar37 (2016).
  43. C. A. Busch, P. B. Bhanderi, K. M. Cooper, and S. E. Brownell, Few LGBTQ+ science and engineering instructors come out to students, despite potential benefits, CBE Life Sci. Educ. 23, ar17 (2024).
  44. U. Narula, Communication Models (Atlantic, New Delhi, India, 2006).
  45. K. Betts, Lost in translation: Importance of effective communication in online education, Online J. Distance Learn. Adm. 12, 1 (2009).
  46. L. L. Pogue and K. Ahyun, The effect of teacher nonverbal immediacy and credibility on student motivation and affective learning, Commun. Educ. 55, 331 (2006).
  47. P. Schrodt, Content relevance and students’ comfort with disclosure as moderators of instructor disclosures and credibility in the college classroom, Commun. Educ. 62, 352 (2013).
  48. Theories and Models of Communication, edited by P. Cobley (de Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, 2013).
  49. A. Hamdan and S. V. Franklin, A collaborative duoethnography of two academics in diaspora amidst the Palestinian/Israeli catastrophe, presented at PER Conf. 2024, Boston, MA, 10.1119/perc.2024.pr.Hamdan.
  50. J. Mills, A. Bonner, and K. Francis, The development of constructivist grounded theory, Int. J. Qual. Methods 5, 25 (2006).
  51. T. Huynh, A. Madsen, S. McKagan, and E. Sayre, Building personas from phenomenography: A method for user-centered design in education, Inf. Learn. Sci. 122, 689 (2021).
  52. L. Avraamidou, Science identity as a landscape of becoming: Rethinking recognition and emotions through an intersectionality lens, Cult. Stud. Sci. Educ. 15, 323 (2020).
  53. A. Calabrese Barton, H. Kang, E. Tan, T. B. O’Neill, J. Bautista-Guerra, and C. Brecklin, Crafting a future in science: Tracing middle school girls’ identity work over time and space, Am. Educ. Res. J. 50, 37 (2013).
  54. H. B. Carlone and A. Johnson, Understanding the science experiences of successful women of color: Science identity as an analytic lens, J. Res. Sci. Teach. 44, 1187 (2007).
  55. T. Adlin, J. Pruitt, K. Goodwin, C. Hynes, K. McGrane, A. Rosenstein, and M. J. Muller, Putting personas to work, in Proceedings of the CHI’06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 2006), pp. 13–16.
  56. N. Gisev, J. S. Bell, and T. F. Chen, Interrater agreement and interrater reliability: Key concepts, approaches, and applications, Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm. 9, 330 (2013).
  57. C. S. Dweck and D. S. Yeager, Mindsets: A view from two eras, Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 14, 481 (2019).
  58. J. McLeod, Student voice and the politics of listening in higher education, Crit. Stud. Educ. 52, 179 (2011).
  59. N. S. Nasir and P. Cobb Improving Access to Mathematics: Diversity and Equity in the Classroom, edited by N. S. Nasir and P. Cobb (Teachers College Press, New York, 2007).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation