• Accepted Paper

Measuring the structure of defect clusters in (1-x)BiFeO3-(x)BaTiO3 alloys with advanced electron microscopy and ptychography

Michael Xu, Menglin Zhu, Taeyeon Kim, Liyan Wu, Jonathan E. Spanier, Lane W. Martin, and James M. LeBeau

Phys. Rev. Materials - Accepted 21 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hmsm-c2ch

Abstract

In many complex oxide thin films, a combination of local (, defects or chemical inhomogeneity) and film-scale (, composition or boundary constraints) factors can induce unique or emergent properties, requiring high-resolution characterization to fully understand them. Here, we combine aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and multislice electron ptychography to characterize thin films of the multiferroic (1-)-(). Nano-beam electron diffraction and atomic-resolution imaging first reveal a composition-dependent structural evolution from rhombohedral-like monoclinic to tetragonal symmetry, characterized by increased structural disorder as content increases. Further, antisite defects are found to introduce local fluctuations in polarization. Using depth-resolved multislice electron ptychography, the antisites are shown to form two-dimensional clusters that lie perpendicular to the growth direction and are surrounded by significant lattice distortions. Enabled by the depth resolution of multislice ptychography, the average three-dimensional structure surrounding the antisite clusters is extracted to form defect motifs. In films with higher content, the magnitude of antisite-induced distortions is diminished and correlated with the increase in film tetragonality. These results demonstrate that structural analysis of a functional oxide using a complementary combination of conventional imaging and ptychography can provide direct 3D visualization of defects and their associated distortions, thereby decoupling their effects from overall composition-induced structural changes.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation

If the author has provided any supplemental materials with this article they will be available upon publication of the version of record.

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation