Monolayer : Atomic-scale insights into the 2D limit of an antiferromagnetic topological insulator
Phys. Rev. Materials 10, 074202 – Published 27 July, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zmzs-krb9
Abstract
As the first intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator, offers a platform for investigating topological phenomena driven by magnetism. Prior studies focused on bulk single crystals and exfoliated flakes, but the extreme two-dimensional (2D) limit remains underexplored, despite theoretical predictions of exotic behavior. In particular, synthesis and atomic-scale characterization of ultrathin films remain challenging. Here we explore molecular beam epitaxy grown thin films down to a single-layer thickness. Structural characterization via electron and x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy confirms layer-by-layer growth and high crystallinity, while magnetotransport measurements show the expected magnetic signatures. Interestingly, scanning tunneling microscopy and quasiparticle interference imaging reveal Dirac-like surface states that persist even in monolayer films and monolayer islands. Our experiments provide elusive atomic-scale insights into the band structure of in the 2D limit and under lateral confinement, and establish a foundation for the synthesis of heterostructures based on monolayer and device applications.