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    Anatomy of long-range Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

    E. Demiroglu1, B. E. Kivircik1, C. O. Avci2, and C. Deger1,*

    • *Contact author: caner.deger@marmara.edu.tr

    Phys. Rev. Materials 10, 084409 – Published 28 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/wlgm-9tsb

    Abstract

    We investigate spacer-mediated long-range Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (LR-DMI) in Co/Cu(n)/HM multilayers (HM=Pt, Pd, Ir, W, Mo) using first-principles calculations and micromagnetic simulations. LR-DMI shows a pronounced nonmonotonic, oscillatory dependence on Cu thickness, demonstrating that the intralayer DMI within Co can be tuned through a nonmagnetic spacer and a remote heavy-metal (HM) spin-orbit source. Atomic layer decomposition reveals that the LR-DMI signal is carried predominantly by the Co planes, and the heavy-metal overlayer acts as the spin-orbit source whose influence is transmitted through the Cu spacer and weakens with increasing n. Thickness-dependent electronic structure and charge density difference analyses link the oscillatory LR-DMI to spacer-tuned Co-Pt coupling and interface to interface charge redistribution that becomes progressively localized at larger n. Extending to different heavy-metal overlayers, all systems retain the same thickness-driven oscillatory backbone, while the amplitude and phase depend strongly on the heavy-metal species, consistent with d band filling and relativistic character. Micromagnetic simulations for Pt and Ir stacks demonstrate that these first-principles LR-DMI trends translate into distinct field tunable skyrmion diameters and hysteresis behavior. These results establish a Co/HM1/HM2-type route for engineering single-layer DMI through nonmagnetic spacer and spin-orbit layers.

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