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    Mechanically and electrically tunable Rashba-Edelstein effect in ferroelectric semiconductors, CsGeX3 (X=I, Br, Cl)

    Abduljelili Popoola1,*, Ravi Kashikar2, Ali Azmy3, Ioannis Spanopoulos3, Homayoun Jafari4, Jagoda Sławińska4, Sarath Witanachchi1, Sergey Lisenkov1, and Inna Ponomareva1,†

    • *Contact author: Popoola@usf.edu
    • †Contact author: iponomar@usf.edu

    Phys. Rev. Materials 9, 084412 – Published 25 August, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gkt2-x7mm

    Abstract

    The ability of materials to convert charge current into spin current is fundamental to many spintronics applications. One means of realizing this conversion is via Rashba-Edelstein effect (REE). Using density functional theory simulations, we predict that REE can be induced in the recently discovered family of semiconducting ferroelectrics, CsGeX3 (X=I, Br, Cl). The effect is quantified through Rashba-Edelstein coefficients, χxy=−χyx, which are nonzero in valence and conduction bands. The largest values, obtained for CsGeI3, are 3.45×1010 ℏAcm and 0.97×1010 ℏAcm in the conduction and valence bands, respectively. The values are comparable to, and sometimes exceed, those of other inorganic materials, although the maximal values occur away from the band edges. The coefficients' sign couples to the direction of spontaneous polarization, offering opportunities for nonvolatile spin current manipulation via external electric field. Furthermore, these coefficients are highly tunable through strain engineering owing to strain-induced variations in spin textures and energy isosurfaces. Specifically, χ in the valence band of CsGeI3 is enhanced to 3.61×1010 ℏAcm under 5% biaxial strain. Given this potential, we synthesized CsGeI3 to validate our simulation structure and found excellent agreement between experiment and simulation, thereby allowing extrapolation of our findings to practically significant temperatures. Our study identifies promising materials for nonvolatile, multifunctional spintronic applications.

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