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  • Letter

Extracting intrinsic superconducting properties in intercalated layered superconductors using an extended 2D Tinkham model

Yue Liu1,2,*, Yuhang Zhang1,2,*, Zouyouwei Lu1,2,*, Dong Li1,3,†, Yuki M. Itahashi3, Zhanyi Zhao1,2, Jiali Liu1,2, Jihu Lu1,2, Feng Wu1,4 et al.

Kui Jin1,2,5, Hua Zhang1, Ziyi Liu1, Xiaoli Dong1,2,5,‡, and Zhongxian Zhao1,2,5

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: dong.li.hs@riken.jp
  • ‡Contact author: dong@iphy.ac.cn

Phys. Rev. Materials 9, L041001 – Published 28 April, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.9.L041001

Abstract

Bulk two-dimensional (2D) superconductivity has gained considerable attention due to its intricate interplay between symmetry breaking, nontrivial topology, 2D phase fluctuations, and unconventional superconductivity. However, certain intercalated layered superconductors, despite their short c-axis superconducting coherence length, have been misclassified as anisotropic three-dimensional (3D) superconductors. Here, we investigate (Li,Fe)OHFeSe superconductors with varying degrees of interlayer misalignment, revealing sample-dependent superconducting dimensionality while consistently observing Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) transitions. To resolve this discrepancy, we develop an extended 2D Tinkham model that quantitatively captures the blurring effects induced by interlayer misalignment. We further demonstrate the validity of this model in both (Li,Fe)OHFeSe and cetyltrimethyl ammonium (CTA+)-intercalated (CTA)0.5SnSe2 superconductors, highlighting its broad applicability. This work provides valuable insights into bulk 2D superconductivity and establishes an extended 2D Tinkham model for quantitatively extracting intrinsic superconducting properties in intercalated layered superconductors, particularly those exhibiting significant interlayer misalignments.

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