Interplay of field-induced molecular dipole alignment and compensating surface polarization in low-temperature <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>P</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>V</mi></math> hysteresis of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">MAPbBr</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>(</mo><mn>001</mn><mo>)</mo></math>

Lars Freter; Hung-Chang Hsu; Raman Sankar; Chun-Wei Chen; Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski; Philipp Ebert; Ya-Ping Chiu; Michael Schnedler

doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.7.L052401

Letter

Interplay of field-induced molecular dipole alignment and compensating surface polarization in low-temperature $P − V$ hysteresis of ${MAPbBr}_{3} (001)$

Lars Freter ¹, Hung-Chang Hsu², Raman Sankar^3,4, Chun-Wei Chen^4,5, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski ¹, Philipp Ebert ¹, Ya-Ping Chiu ^2,3,*, and Michael Schnedler ^1,†

¹Ernst Ruska-Centrum (ER-C 1) and Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI 5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
²Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
³Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
⁴Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
⁵Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan

^*ypchiu@phys.ntu.edu.tw
^†m.schnedler@fz-juelich.de

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Phys. Rev. Materials 7, L052401 – Published 10 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.7.L052401

Abstract

We demonstrate the presence of a hysteresis in tunneling spectra acquired at 4.3 K on cleaved MA-Br terminated (001) surfaces of ${MAPbBr}_{3}$ single crystals. Simulations of the tunneling spectra reveal an underlying polarization-voltage ( $P − V$ ) hysteresis, which is caused by an interplay of subsurface field-induced rotation and alignment of the MA molecules, stabilized by dipole-dipole interactions, and an ion-lattice relaxation. The resulting subsurface polarization is counteracted by a compensating surface polarization, detectable by surface-sensitive tunneling spectroscopy.

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Interplay of field-induced molecular dipole alignment and compensating surface polarization in low-temperature $P − V$ hysteresis of ${MAPbBr}_{3} (001)$

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Interplay of field-induced molecular dipole alignment and compensating surface polarization in low-temperature P−V hysteresis of MAPbBr3(001)

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Interplay of field-induced molecular dipole alignment and compensating surface polarization in low-temperature $P − V$ hysteresis of ${MAPbBr}_{3} (001)$