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    Unveiling the low-temperature scaling anomaly and surface triggered nonlinear Hall effect in 2D tellurium

    Bosen Wang1, Lianying Zhu1, Jiadong Chen1, Yongxin Zhao1, Bo Zhang1, Shiming Huang1, Ming Yuwen1, Zhipeng Wang1, Feng Zhang1 et al.

    Shuai Zhang2 and Deyi Fu1,*

    • 1Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
    • 2National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, and Institute of Atom Manufacturing, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

    • *Contact author: dyfu@xmu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Materials 10, 104006 – Published 19 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8jpj-cycm

    Abstract

    The nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) provides a powerful probe into the quantum geometry and crystalline symmetry of time-reversal symmetric systems. However, the evolution of its underlying mechanisms across different transport regimes in semiconductors remains a subject of intense debate. In this work, we systematically investigate the NLHE in hydrothermally synthesized p-type 2D tellurium (Te) nanoflakes. By implementing oxygen plasma-assisted contact engineering, we achieve high-fidelity signal detection through the suppression of Schottky-barrier-induced artifacts. Our results reveal that the NLHE in Te is governed by extrinsic scattering, as evidenced by a precise quadratic scaling law at temperatures above 30 K. Notably, we identify a remarkable low-temperature scaling anomaly at TR≈30K, where the scaling slope undergoes a dramatic sign reversal, a phenomenon that coincides with the low-temperature transport crossover. Furthermore, thickness-dependent studies show a 3.2-fold enhancement in nonlinear conductance as the flake thickness is reduced to 16 nm, identifying surface-induced symmetry breaking as the primary trigger for activating the nonlinear transport forbidden in the ideal bulk lattice. These findings not only elucidate the scattering-driven origins of NLHE in 2D Te but also establish the effect as a sensitive probe for scattering-mechanism competition and symmetry evolution in chiral semiconductors.

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