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Zhuoqun Wang; Xueling Cui; Tim Treu; Jiesen Guo; Xinyang Liu; Marvin Klinger; Christian Heil; Nvsen Ma; Xianlei Sheng; Zheng Deng; Xingye Lu; Xiancheng Wang; Wei Li; Philipp Gegenwart; Changqing Jin; Kan Zhao

doi:10.1103/7l6y-hdw5

Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior induced giant magnetocaloric effect in distorted kagome lattice $G d_{3} BW O_{9}$

Zhuoqun Wang^1,*, Xueling Cui ^1,*, Tim Treu ², Jiesen Guo ¹, Xinyang Liu^1,3,4, Marvin Klinger ², Christian Heil ², Nvsen Ma¹, Xianlei Sheng¹ et al.

Zheng Deng^3,5, Xingye Lu⁶, Xiancheng Wang^3,5, Wei Li^4,7, Philipp Gegenwart ², Changqing Jin^3,5, and Kan Zhao ^1,†

¹School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
²Experimentalphysik VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
³Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
⁴CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
⁵School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
⁶Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
⁷Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

^*These authors contributed equally to this work.
^†Contact author: kan_zhao@buaa.edu.cn

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Phys. Rev. Materials 9, 094407 – Published 16 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7l6y-hdw5

Abstract

We synthesize the high-quality $G d_{3} BW O_{9}$ single crystal and investigate its low-temperature magnetic and thermodynamic properties. Below $T_{N} = 1.08 K$ , the anisotropic behavior of magnetic susceptibilities reveals that the $G d^{3 +}$ moments exhibit the dominant antiferromagnetic coupling along the $c$ axis, while displaying a ferromagnetic arrangement in kagome plane. With pronounced magnetic frustration, in adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration experiments starting from initial conditions of 9 T and 2 K, $G d_{3} BW O_{9}$ polycrystal reaches a minimum temperature of 0.151 K, significantly lower than its $T_{N}$ . Due to the high density of $G d^{3 +}$ ions ( $S = 7 / 2$ ), the maximum magnetic entropy change reaches over $50 J k g^{- 1} K^{- 1}$ under fields up to 7 T in $G d_{3} BW O_{9}$ , nearly 1.5 times as large as commercial sub-kelvin magnetic coolant $G d_{3} G a_{5} O_{12}$ . The H-T phase diagram of $G d_{3} BW O_{9}$ under $H ∥ c$ exhibits field-induced critical behavior near the phase boundaries. This observation aligns with the theoretical scenario in which a quantum critical point acts as the endpoint of a line of classical second-order phase transitions. Such behavior suggests the importance of further investigations into the divergence of the magnetic Grüneisen parameter in the vicinity of critical field at ultralow temperatures.

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Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior induced giant magnetocaloric effect in distorted kagome lattice $G d_{3} BW O_{9}$

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Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior induced giant magnetocaloric effect in distorted kagome lattice Gd3BWO9

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Antiferromagnetic ordering and critical behavior induced giant magnetocaloric effect in distorted kagome lattice $G d_{3} BW O_{9}$