We obtain the dimensions $R$, electron density distributions $n \left(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{r}}\right)$, and total ground-state binding energies $E$ of atoms and positive ions (nuclear charge $Z$, $N$ electrons) in intense magnetic fields. A variationally formulated Thomas-Fermi—like model is valid for $Z^{\frac{4}{3}}\ll {10}^{-9\mathrm{}}B\ll 10Z^3$ G; the choice $n\left(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{r}}\right)\sim Z{R}^{-3\mathrm{}}{\sigma }^{\frac{-1\mathrm{}}{4}}\exp (-\sigma )$, $\sigma \equiv \frac{r^2}{R^2}$, gives $E\approx -150\mathrm{}{\left(\frac{B}{{10}^{12}}\right)}^{\frac{2}{5}}{Z}^{\frac{9}{5}}$ eV, for neutral atoms. A crude variational calculation, valid for $B\gg {10}^{10}{Z}^3$, gives $E\approx -13.6N {(Z-\frac{1}{3}N)}^2{\ln }^2\left(\frac{2B}{{10}^{10}}\right)$ eV.

We propose models for deep inelastic lepton-hadron scatterings, incorporating the general ideas of the fragmentation picture. Approximate scaling behavior can be accommodated at present values of the momentum transfer. But at larger momentum transfers, significant deviations from scaling are expected. In contrast to the results of the parton model, a scaling behavior for the average multiplicity and the structure functions at fixed multiplicities is not possible, according to the fragmentation picture. We present results of our model regarding the average multiplicity and the structure functions.

It is first argued that in the diffractive model the multiplicity distribution should behave as $n^{-2\mathrm{}}$ at high $n$. It is then shown how this behavior can be obtained in the statistical description of the two clusters, in which the cluster multiplicity is proportional to its mass. Finally the single-particle spectrum is calculated without any free parameters except for normalization and is shown to agree remarkably well with present data that give a cross section that is constant modulo a factor lns.

An analysis of the spectral properties of filaments of light in C${\mathrm{S}}_2$ under high spatial resolution and with picosecond excitation is presented. It is shown that a steady-state pulse with constant diameter develops in the filaments. This and other results indicate that self-trapped filaments rather than tracks of moving foci have been observed.

Spontaneously generated magnetic fields of the order of a kilogauss have been observed in a laser-produced plasma, using a variety of targets and background pressures. The generation of these magnetic fields is explained in terms of thermoelectric currents associated with large temperature gradients near the target.

The linearized hydrodynamic behavior of liquid crystals is systematically deduced and earlier theories reconciled and simplified. Predictions for ordinary and depolarized light scattering are obtained and the latter compared with experiment.

Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of very dilute alloys of chromium in copper are reported in the temperature range from room temperature up to 770°K. Application of Scalapino's theory would indicate a Kondo temperature near 20°K, and $S\approx \frac{4}{2}-\frac{5}{2}$; however, current theories do not adequately describe the experimental data over a wide temperature range.

The energy dependence of the Kondo scattering rate is studied for $T\ll T_{\mathrm{K}}$. Reasonable agreement with the $t$-matrix theory of Hamann is obtained. The data can also be fitted surprisingly well by an interpolation function closely related to the perturbation result.

The abrupt changes of Knight shift $K_s$ and nuclear spin relaxation time $T_1$ in Cd upon melting have been examined by studying the spin susceptibility ${\chi }_s$ and spin density $S$ at the melting point. It is found that the density-of-states effective mass $\frac{m^{*}}{m}$ in Cd changes by 27% upon melting while the spin density changes by only 8%. Both of these changes combined satisfactorily explain the abrupt changes of $K_s$ and $T_1$ upon melting.

Precision measurements of self-diffusion in zinc as a function of pressure indicate that the activation volumes $\Delta V_c$ and $\Delta V_b$ respectively associated with the nonbasal and basal vacancy jumps have a temperature dependence given by ${\left(\frac{\partial \Delta V_c}{\partial T}\right)}_p=(6.2\mathrm{}\pm 1.9)\times {10}^{-3\mathrm{}}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^3$/mole °K and ${\left(\frac{\partial \Delta V_b}{\partial T}\right)}_p=(7.6\mathrm{}\pm 3.4)\times {10}^{-3\mathrm{}}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^3$/mole °K. A model calculation based on a Morse-like potential indicates that the frequencies of atomic vibrations in the vicinity of the defect vary with pressure in a way that is consistent with these experimentally measured quantities.

The overlap of the ground states of a many-fermion system in the absence and presence of a localized potential is recalculated using a method introduced by Rivier and Simanek. Contrary to their claim, the result previously obtained by other methods is recovered.

Scandium-base alloys of 0.02 and 0.05 at.% of gadolinium and dysprosium have been studied using transient nuclear-magnetic-resonance techniques. The ${}_{}{}^{45}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sc}$ nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate is enhanced in the rare-earth alloys. For $1.6<~T<~4.2$°K, the relaxation rate is described by $\frac{1}{T_1}={\left(\frac{1}{T_1}\right)}_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{c}}[1+\frac{{\mathrm{KB}}_J\mathrm{}\left(x\right)\mathrm{}}{H}]$, where ${\left(\frac{1}{T_1}\right)}_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{c}}$ is the pure scandium relaxation rate, $K$ is a constant, and $B_J\mathrm{}\left(x\right)\mathrm{}$ is the Brillouin function for $x$ $\equiv \frac{\mathrm{gJ}{\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}H}{k_{\mathrm{B}}T}$. The $T_1$ results are explained in terms of enhanced nuclear relaxation due to virtual excitation of the rare-earth magnetic moments.

A daughter x-ray identification scheme, in the original spirit of Moseley, has been applied to the identification of element 102, nobelium. The identification scheme is based on the coincident observation of $K$-series x rays from the daughter element, fermium in this case, with the $\alpha$ particle from the decay of the parent element, nobelium. We believe the technique provides an unequivocal identification of atomic number for the transfermium elements.

Negative results have been obtained in a search for spontaneously fissioning super-heavy nuclei by neutron counting of a large variety of samples. An upper limit of about ${10}^{-11\mathrm{}}$ g/g is estimated for the presence of such nuclei with a half-life of about ${10}^9$ yr.

We have measured the $N_{\mathrm{II}}$ and $N_{\mathrm{III}}$ conversion electrons from the $\approx 2.33$-keV transition in ${}_{}{}^{205}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ with a $\pi \sqrt{2}$, iron-free, double-focusing $\beta$-ray spectrometer and have determined the energy of this transition to be 2.328±0.007 keV. We obtain an $\frac{N_{\mathrm{II}}}{N_{\mathrm{III}}}$ ratio of 0.70±0.25 for this transition and a ratio $\frac{(N_{\mathrm{II}}+N_{\mathrm{III}})}{L_{\mathrm{I}}}$, where the $L_{\mathrm{I}}$ is from the 26.22-keV $M2\mathrm{}$ isomeric transition in${}_{}{}^{205}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$, of ${0.48}_{-0.05\mathrm{}}^{+0.15\mathrm{}}$. These are in very good agreement with predicted conversion ratios and represent the first test of theoretical calculations for the $N$ shell at such low energies.

Uniformly rotating configurations in general relativity are considered, and a condition is obtained that they can be quasistatically deformed without violating any of the requirements for equilibrium. This condition extends, into the domain of the rotating stars, the criterion for the onset of dynamical instability (via a neutral mode of oscillation) that occurs by radial pulsations in nonrotating stars.

Total and differential cross sections are presented for the reaction ${K_L}^{ 0}p\to {K_S}^{ 0}p$ from 1.3 to 8.0 $\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ as measured in an exposure of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 40-in. hydrogen bubble chamber to a neutral beam. The forward points of $\frac{d\sigma ({K_L}^{ 0}p\to {K_S}^{ 0}p)}{\mathrm{dt}}$ together with $K^{+}n$ and $K^{-}n$ total cross sections are used to determine the intercept of the effective Regge trajectory, $\alpha \mathrm{}\left(0\right)=0.47\mathrm{}\pm 0.09$, and the regeneration phase ${\varphi }_f=-{43}^{\circ }\pm 8^{\circ }$.

Recent data on ${K_L}^{ 0}p\to {K_S}^{ 0}p$ are interpreted in terms of two distinctly different Regge models, both of which provide good descriptions of the data. The forward differential cross sections for ${K_L}^{ 0}p\to {K_S}^{ 0}p$ and ${\pi }^{-}p\to {\pi }^{-}p\to {\pi }^{0}n$ are used to determine an $\frac{f}{d}$ ratio for the nonflip coupling of vector mesons to baryons.

We suggest a model in which the isotensor electromagnetic current, whose existence is strongly suggested by recent work, has a component which violates charge-conjugation invariance, which, on the other hand, is satisfied by the conventional isovector and scalar components. This is found to provide a simple explanation of recent results, and is consistent with all present experimental knowledge.

The difficulty about the unphysical part of the cut of $K^{\pm }-p$ forward amplitudes is avoided by conformally mapping the unphysical and low-energy $K^{-}-p$ regions on the cut onto the boundary of an ellipse and the whole cut plane to the inside of the ellipse. A discrepancy function constructed on the physical region using experimental information on the $K^{\pm }-p$ forward amplitudes is stably extrapolated to estimate $\frac{({g_{\Lambda }}^2+0.8\mathrm{}{g_{\Sigma }}^2)}{4\pi }$ as ${14}_{-3\mathrm{}}^{+4\mathrm{}}$. The signs of the real part of $K^{-}-p$ forward amplitudes at high energies are found to be positive.