It is suggested that in extreme magnetic fields ($H>\mathrm{}{10}^{12}$ G) a high-density electron gas (in a uniform positive background) undergoes a transition to an ordered structure. This corresponds to the "Wigner" transition of a low-density gas in the absence of a field. It is proposed that the ordered structure is a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of "charged rods." The lattice spacing is evaluated for densities of astrophysical interest relevant to white dwarfs and pulsars.

The sudden speed changes observed in the Vela and Crab pulsars may be caused by transitions between metastable flow states in the superfluid interior of the star.

The unconstrained dynamical degrees of freedom of the gravitational field are identified with the conformally invariant three-geometries of spacelike hypersurfaces. New results concerning the action principle, choice of canonical variables, and initial-value equations strengthen this identification. One of the new canonical variables is shown to play the role of "time" in the formalism.

We have studied the reactions $e^{-}+p\to e^{-}+K^{+}+\Lambda$ and $e^{-}+p\to e^{-}+K^{+}+{\Sigma }^0$ by detecting the final electron and kaon in coincidence. Data are presented in the region of virtual-photon mass squared from - 0.18 to - 1.2 Ge${\mathrm{V}}^2$, virtual-photoproduction center-of-mass energy from 1.85 to 2.60 GeV, and virtual-photoproduction center-of-mass angle from 0 to 28°. The $\frac{{\Sigma }^0}{\Lambda }$ ratio tends to be smaller than in photoproduction, and the data suggest large scalar production of the $K^{+}\Lambda$ final state.

Recent observations by Imbert to test predictions and observations of Goos and Hänchen by reflecting a laser beam near the total reflection angle contradicts classical and quantum predictions for the longitudinal displacements of linearly polarized incident plane waves. They can be simply interpreted as a Stern-Gehrlach type of measurement of the photon spin, provided the photon has a nonzero rest mass.

We give estimates of lower bounds on the $p-p$ total cross section based on cosmic-ray data. We find that ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{pp}}$ rises at least as rapidly as $38.8+0.4{\ln }^2\left(\frac{s}{s_0}\right)$ from $E\sim {10}^3 \mathrm{to} 3\times {10}^4$ GeV incident energy, corresponding to ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{pp}}\gg 60$ mb at the highest energy available. In view of large experimental errors at the highest energies, a value of ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{pp}}\gg 48$ mb can be estimated at 95% confidence level at $E\sim {10}^4$ GeV.

One of the few exact results that would be vitiated by the recently discussed possibility of neutrinos with mass, would be the statement of the forbidden nature of the decay ${K_L}^0\to {\overline{\nu }}_l+{\nu }_l$ because of angular-momentum conservation in the usual neutrino theory. We note that the decay ${K_L}^0\to {\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }+{\nu }_{\mu }$ could easily exist with a rate comparable to that for ${K_L}^0\to 2\gamma$ if $m_{{\nu }_{\mu }}\approx 100$ eV. The processes ${\nu }_l+p\to {\nu }_l+{\Sigma }^{+}$, ${\nu }_l+n\to {\nu }_l+\Lambda$ and ${\Sigma }^{+}\to p+{\overline{\nu }}_1+{\nu }_l$, $\Lambda \to n+{\overline{\nu }}_l+{\nu }_l$ would then occur in lowest order, but at minute rates.

The constant term in semiempirical expressions for the $Z$ dependence of observed ionization potentials of three- to ten-electron systems is compared with results of theoretical calculations of the second-order perturbation energy.

A new atomic structure theory, which includes all the important correlation effects, is used to calculate $f$ values for the transitions $\mathrm{KL} 3s^{a}3p^{b}3d^c\to \mathrm{KL} 3s^{a^{\prime }}3p^{b^{\prime }}3d^{c^{\prime }}$ in the species Mgi, Siii-iii, Pii, Piv, Sii-iii, and Cliii. Even for the difficult transitions with $f<\mathrm{}0.1\mathrm{}$, the results we report are in good agreement with experiment, in contrast to the order-of-magnitude errors in previously availabel values. A new type of virtual excitation, from the $L$ shell, is found to contribute 30-60% to such total $f$ values.

By means of on- and off-resonance energy-loss measurements, we have observed the decay of the 10.04-eV resonance in CO to the $A{}_{}{}^1{}_{}{}^{}\Pi$, $a{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\Pi$, and $a^{\prime }{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\Sigma _{}^{+}{}_{}{}^{}$ states. The measurements identify the resonance as a ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}\Sigma _{}^{+}{}_{}{}^{}$ state of C${\mathrm{O}}^{-}$.

Recoilless nuclear resonance absorption of the 6.2-keV $\gamma$ rays of ${}_{}{}^{181}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ta}$ was used to study the hyperfine interaction of ${}_{}{}^{181}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ta}$ in Re metal. From the completely resolved Mössbauer spectra measured at room temperature parallel and perpendicular to the [0001] axis of the single-crystalline ${}_{}{}^{181}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{Re}\right)\mathrm{}$ sources, we derived the sign and magnitude of the nuclear quadrupole interaction, $e^{2}qQ\left(\frac{7}{2}\right)=-(2.15\mathrm{}\pm 0.02)\times {10}^{-6\mathrm{}}$ eV, the quadrupole-moment ratio $\frac{Q\left(\frac{9}{2}\right)}{Q\left(\frac{7}{2}\right)}=1.133\mathrm{}\pm 0.010$, and the isomer shift of ${}_{}{}^{181}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ta}\mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{Re}\right)\mathrm{}$ relative to Ta metal, - 14.00±0.10 mm/sec.

Rayleigh light scattering was observed with photon-counting techniques in the isotropic phase of cholesteryl 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl carbonate just above the transition temperature to a cholesteric liquid crystal. Both the temperature and wave-vector dependences of linewidth and intensity were measured. The data are in good agreement with the dynamical behavior of short-range order described by an extension of the Landau-de Gennes theory. Bragg-interference fringes due to sizable cholesteric-type ordering were observed in the isotropic phase near the transition point.

McMillan's tunneling theory of the proximity effect has been applied to results on gold-aluminum-oxide-aluminum thin-film sandwiches. Measurements of the transition temperature and minimum energy gap give consistent agreement with the theory and indicate that the interaction parameter in gold is 0.072×0.004.

We have calculated the ground-state energy of an electron-hole liquid. The kinetic and exchange energies are included exactly, and the correlation energy is estimated using Hubbard's modification of the random-phase approximation. In an isotropic electron-hole liquid, the metallic state is not bound relative to free excitons. In Ge the anisotropic band structure leads to a substantial binding of the metallic state. Application of a large $〈111〉$ strain to Ge reduces the situation to one resembling the isotropic case.

Phonon dispersion curves for CuI have been measured at room temperature for the [100], [110], and [111] symmetry directions by using inelastic neutron scattering. The results are interpreted in terms of a rigid-ion model. Estimations are given for elastic constants.

Zero-phonon and phonon-assisted optical transitions from the ${\Gamma }_{1c}$ conduction band to the subsidiary $X_{1c}$ conduction band and its donor levels have been observed in InP at 8°K. The $X_{1c}-{\Gamma }_{1c}$ interband energy is measured at 960±5 meV, and the binding energies of donors associated with the subsidiary $X_{1c}$ band are found to be 106 and 175 meV (±5 meV) for Te and Si, respectively.

The quadrupole resonances of ${}_{}{}^{69}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$ and ${}_{}{}^{71}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$ have been observed in $\beta$-gallium in a silicone oil dispersion. The resonance frequencies are 6.25 and 3.91 MHz for ${}_{}{}^{69}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$ and ${}_{}{}^{71}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$, respectively, at 77°K. The ${}_{}{}^{69}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$ frequency ${\nu }_Q$ was measured as a function of temperature up to the melting point of - 16.3°C, and over that range of temperatures the average value of $\frac{{{\nu }_Q}^{-1\mathrm{}}d{\nu }_Q}{\mathrm{dt}}$ was - 0.2%/°K, 20 times larger than the corresponding value for orthorhombic $\alpha$-gallium.

The behavior of the moment of inertia for high-spin states in ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{158}$ has been studied by populating the ground-state band up to spin 22 through the reaction ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{150}({\mathrm{C}}^{13}, 5N){\mathrm{Dy}}^{158}$ at bombarding energies of up to 72 MeV. The rate of increase of the moment of inertia $\mathcal{I}$ with rotational frequency rises abruptly in the region from spin 14 to 18. In the region of spin 22, $\mathcal{I}$ tends toward a more constant value.

We propose to overcome the present difficulties of superheavy-element production by utilizing neutron capture at time constants between those associated with "prompt" and "rapid" processes, i.e., by employing suitably controlled thermonuclear explosives.

Direct calculations of the nuclear surface energy are made for a Hamiltonian containing the Skyrme nucleon-nucleon interaction. A plane surface separating nuclear matter and a neutron gas or a vacuum is considered in Hartree-Fock and Thomas-Fermi approximations. These surface energies are incorporated in the compressible liquid-drop model to obtain properties of neutron-star matter. The Hartree-Fock results lead to $Z$ values for the nuclei roughly constant at around $Z\sim 36-38$.