We report here the results of a test of the $\Delta S=\Delta Q$ rule in $K_{e3\mathrm{}}$ decay in which we observed ∼ 1700 $K_{e3\mathrm{}}$ decays in the sensitive region of 0.25 to 4.8 ${K_S}^0$ mean lifetimes. We find, where $X$ is the ratio of the $\frac{\Delta S}{\Delta Q}$ nonconserving to conserving amplitudes, $\mathrm{Re}X=-0.008\mathrm{}\pm 0.044$, $\mathrm{Im}X=-0.017\mathrm{}\pm 0.060$, and $\mathrm{}\left|X\right|=0.019\mathrm{}$. The origin lies on the 0.65-standard-deviation likelihood contour; hence we find no evidence for a violation of the $\Delta S=\Delta Q$ rule in $K_{e3\mathrm{}}$ decay. $\Delta m=M_L-M_S \mathrm{and} {\tau }_S$ were also measured, giving $\Delta m=(0.557\mathrm{}\pm 0.038)\times {10}^{10}\hslash$ ${\sec }^{-1\mathrm{}}$ and ${\tau }_S=(0.867\mathrm{}\pm 0.024)\times {10}^{-10\mathrm{}}$ sec.

A renormalizable field theory is said to be asymptotically free if the origin of coupling-constant space is an ultraviolet-stable fixed point in the sense of Wilson. Asymptotically free theories are of great interest because they have almost-canonical light-cone singularities, and thus predict phenomena very close to Bjorken scaling. All known examples of asymptotically free theories involve non-Abelian gauge fields. We show that this is not coincidence: No renormalizable field theory without non-Abelian gauge fields can be asymptotically free.

In finite theories of quantum electrodynamics, positivity implies $d>\mathrm{}3\mathrm{}$ for the dimension $d$ of an axial-vector current $J_{5\mu }$ with nonzero anomaly. This result is not contradicted in the Johnson-Baker-Willey and Adler models: Arguments for the neglect of internal fermion creation and annihilation fail for $J_{5\mu }$ amplitudes because illegal skeleton expansions are involved.

Interference between direct-excitation and charge-exchange collision channels leading to oscillations that are 180° out of phase has been observed in low-energy ${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$-Ne, ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$-Ne, ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$-Ne, and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{+}$-Ne collisions. Strong polarization effects are present in the optical radiation from excited states in neon for all four systems. For $L=1\mathrm{}$, the polarization data show that the oscillatory structure is predominantly due to population of the magnetic sublevels $m=\pm 1$.

Cross sections for transitions between the $P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ levels of cesium induced by collisions with isotopes of methane are found to be several orders of magnitude larger than with krypton, with which one might expect similar interaction potentials. This enhancement is explained by a semiclassical theory in terms of Fourier components which arise from the rotation of C${\mathrm{H}}_4$ and which lie close to the transition frequency. The theory predicts the experimentally found isotope effect.

We argue that the value of $\mu$ in Kolmogorov's energy spectrum formula $E\left(k\right)\mathrm{}\propto k^{-\frac{5}{3}-\mu }$ cannot be deduced from general principles. The argument is supported by exhibiting a modified Navier-Stokes equation which has the same dimensionality, symmetries, invariances, and equilibrium statistical ensembles as the original but gives a drastically different intertial range.

Static-nuclear-magnetization measurements show temperature-independent magnetization in the "$A$" phase of ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$, temperature-dependent magnetization in the "$B$" phase of ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$, and at the boundary between these phases a discontinuity in magnetization which approaches zero at a polycritical point.

For lattice systems with a symmetric transfer matrix, the correlation functions decay exponentially with distance if the fugacity $z$ lies in a region of the complex plane that contains the origin and is free of zeros of the grand partition function. When these interactions decay slower than exponentially the correlations do not decay exponentially for small $z$ and, for Ising ferromagnets with pair interactions, for all values of the magnetic field.

The role of the transverse energy of a magnetically focused intense relativistic electron beam in the emission of microwaves is investigated experimentally and theoretically.

In this note, we consider the absorption of soft x-ray radiation by an insulating crystal for which the lowest excitonic transition from the core state to the conduction band is forbidden. We argue that a proper description must go beyond simple Hartree-Fock band theory and should include substantial energy corrections due to the hole being a local phenomenon during the absorption process, as well as substantial corrections due to electron-electron interactions. Approximate calculations are made for LiF.

The Li soft-x-ray absorption-threshold shape is expressed in terms of the pressure-dependent Knight shift, using a one-electron model and accounting for the indirect interaction of the lattice with the $1s$ core, but neglecting the final-state interactions currently thought responsible for the anomalous shape.

We show that the Voigt constitutive equations, the traditional algebraic proof of the equality of the direct and converse piezoelectric effects, and the usual neglect of the magnetic field are incorrect in pyroelectrics. A measurement of $\overrightarrow{\mathrm{H}}$ will yield a new piezoelectric tensor.

Simple expressions are obtained for the total reaction cross section in terms of the interaction barrier for the $s$ wave. These expressions allow the interaction barrier to be determined experimentally. Analysis of experimental data for heavy ions on ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ shows that the effective radius parameter decreases as projectile charges increase.

Sub-Coulomb ($d, p$) reactions have been studied for nuclei near closed shells. Reduced normalizations were extracted from the data and compared with those calculated for the analogs of the parent states using three analog-resonance theories. The $R$-matrix theory gives the best agreement with the ($d, p$) data.

The dispersion-relation sum rule of Gell-Mann, Goldberger, and Thirring is generalized to incorporate the hadronic shadowing effects observed in high-energy photonnucleus interactions. Resulting sum-rule constraints on the high-energy behavior are discussed.

We describe a new method to measure pseudo magnetic moments of nuclei, based on the two-coil beam device of Ramsey. As a test, pseudo magnetic moments of the proton and the vanadium nucleus were measured and found equal to their known values within experimental accuracy.

Squared time derivatives of output powers of the Argonne and Maryland gravitational radiation detectors are written on magnetic tapes at Argonne and Maryland every 0.1 sec. A computer files the threshold crossing times. A coincidence is a pair of identical crossing times of both tapes. The accidentals rate is measured by repeating the procedure for a sequence of time delays in either channel. A significant excess of coincidences is found at zero delay.

An experiment was done using the new accelerated polarized proton beam at the Argonne National Laboratory zero-gradient synchrotron and a polarized proton target. The total cross section for proton-proton scattering at 3.5 GeV/c was measured in the spin states ↑↑ and ↑↓ perpendicular to the beam direction. The two cross sections were found to be equal within the experimental error of ±5%.

The inclusive electroproduction of hadrons is measured from hydrogen and deuterium targets. The exchanged virtual photons are in the kinematic range $-0.25>q^2>-3.00\mathrm{}$ ${\mathrm{GeV}}^2$, $12<s<\mathrm{}30\mathrm{}$ ${\mathrm{GeV}}^2$. Hadrons which travel in the direction of the virtual photon in the virtual-photon-nucleon c.m. system are detected. A striking difference from photoproduction is observed in the excess of positive relative to negative hadrons from both proton and neutron targets.

The motion of neutrinos in the presence of charged matter is analyzed. Implications for stellar neutrino emission are considered.