We have fitted the $K$ x rays and hyperfine splittings from muonic ${}_{}{}^{232}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Th}$ and ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ by a model with a Fermi charge distribution with distortion terms of the type ${\beta }_{2n}{Y}_{2n,0}$, $n<~3$. We have also reanalyzed for $n<~2$ the data for rare-earth deformed muonic atoms. Our results are compared with those of inelastic proton and $\alpha$ scattering as well as Coulomb excitation. Such muonic analyses may provide the preferred determinations of quadrupole moments.

A static quadrupole interaction has been determined for the 247-keV state of ${}_{}{}^{111}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cd}$ bound to the active site of human carbonic anhydrase $B$. The rotational diffusion was slowed down by dissolving the enzyme in a 46% sucrose solution at 22°C. The result yields two different frequencies and asymmetries, indicating either two forms of the enzyme or an additional site for Cd.

Two tunable dye lasers have been used to generate coherent radiation at a tunable sum frequency in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral region. Spectral ranges of ∼3500 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$ around 1895 Å and ∼1200 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$ around 1798 Å have been covered. These ranges may easily be extended. Large (∼×${10}^4$) enhancements of $2{\nu }_1+{\nu }_2$ sum mixing are seen when $2{\nu }_1$ is tuned to a double-quantum allowed transition from the ground state in Sr vapor.

The time dependence of fast-electron production in a beam-plasma system is observed experimentally. We find that the fastest particles are produced in pulses which are correlated with the quenching of one mode and the onset of a second lower-frequency faster phase velocity of oscillation.

We report the first measurement of hydroxyl (OH) concentrations in air by detecting the resonance fluorescence excited by tunable radiation near 2825.8 Å. On a particular day, the OH concentrations deduced from these measurements ranged from a high of 1.5 × ${10}^8$ OH/${\mathrm{cm}}^3$ in the early afternoon to a level below 5 × ${10}^6$ OH/${\mathrm{cm}}^3$ at night.

A linear approximation method has been developed to study the stability of spherically symmetric hydrodynamic motion. Application of this technique to laser-driven spherical implosions indicates that the implosions are linearly unstable to perturbations at the ablating surface.

A perturbation method is developed for nearly spherical heat and fluid flow. It shows that electron thermal conduction may be sufficiently symmetrizing to allow laser-driven fusion with a single beam.

Linearly stable slow-beam modes in ion-beam plasma systems are shown experimentally and theoretically to be unstable against parametric decay into subharmonic modes on the same (slow beam) branch.

The ORMAK (Oak Ridge tokamak) experiment gives the first extensive measurement of ion transport in a collisionless plasma. We find a transition from neutral domination to a thermal-conduction limit as the ratio of central electron density to central neutral density varies by an order of magnitude. The results agree with neoclassical predictions of ion thermal transport throughout the whole range.

Compressional magnetic pulses with frequencies near the ion bounce frequency have been applied to the plasma of a mirror machine. One pulse induces at first order a ballistic effect, and at second order an irreversible effect corresponding to a variation of the parallel energy. A second pulse applied after a convenient delay time produces a temporal echo which provides an estimate of the diffusion rate of the magnetic moment of the particles.

We report the first detailed study of phase separation in a semiconducting binary liquid (Se-T1). We have studied both the electrical conductivity σ and the location of the miscibility gap in the concentration-temperature ($x-T$) plane. Even though the conductivity varies by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude in the transition region, it is found that (i) the law of rectilinear diameters holds with high precision, (ii) the critical exponent ${\beta }_x$ for the $x-T$ phase boundary agrees to within experimental accuracy with ${\beta }_{\sigma }$ for the $\sigma -T$ phase boundary, and (iii) $\beta =0.348\mathrm{}\pm 0.015$.

We have observed sharp resonance enhancements in some two-phonon Raman modes of ${\mathrm{Cu}}_2$O around the $n=2\mathrm{} \mathrm{to} 6$ peaks of the yellow-exciton series. We explain the results quantitatively by a theory which allows for multiple resonances in the scattering process.

Extraordinary anisotropy (${10}^8$) and unusual temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity have been observed in plastically deformed CdS. These features are attributed to metallic-type conductivity along a pseudo-one-dimensional system consisting of arrays of dislocations. The observed temperature dependence of the conductivity is consistent with a Peierls-type metal-semiconductor transition at 125 K.

Results on the critical temperature of the eight-vertex model in any dimension are combined with the Griffiths inequalities for correlations in Ising ferromagnets to yield relations between critical exponents of eight-vertex models of differing dimensionality. Then Baxter's exact results for the two-dimensional, eight-vertex model are able to yield information on the three-dimensional exponents of these models. As in the planar eight-vertex models, the exponents in all dimensions probably vary continuously with the energy parameters.

A new method of analysis is analysis is applied to $n-d$ elastic scattering and deuteron breakup in order to test the sensitivity of such reactions to details of the $\mathrm{NN}$ force. The results suggest that no off-shell information can be obtained from these processes which is not already implicit in the value of the $n-d$ doublet scattering length.

The photon-photon interaction has been investigated by $e^{+}$ and $e^{-}$ collisions at about 2.7-GeV total energy. Evidence based on 34 well-identified events has been obtained for the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to e^{+}{e}^{-}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, hitherto unobserved. Such a process is found to occur in agreement with theoretical predictions based on the equivalent-photon approximation. Results on 74 events from the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to e^{+}{e}^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ are also reported.

We have performed an experiment on $p-p$ inelastic scattering at National Accelerator Laboratory to study the reaction $p+p\to p+X$. We cover the range in $\mathrm{}\left|t\right|\mathrm{}$ from 0.019 to 0.17 ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^2$ by measuring the low-energy recoiling protons. The range in $M_X^{}{}_{}{}^2$ measured is from 0 to 60 Ge${\mathrm{V}}^2$. The "diffractive" cross section is determined to be in the range $3.2<\mathrm{}\sigma <4.7\mathrm{}$ mb. Unexpected behavior is observed at low $\mathrm{}\left|t\right|\mathrm{}$ for $8<\mathrm{}M_X^{}{}_{}{}^2<14\mathrm{}$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^2$.

In a study of the missing-mass spectrum near 1 GeV in the reaction ${\pi }^{-}+p\to \mathrm{MM}+n$ at three incident momenta near 2 GeV, we find no evidence for the recently reported narrow neutral mesons at 940, 963, and 1033 MeV.

We show that factorization holds to a very good approximation in the scattering of composite systems over a very large range of the geometrical size of the composite systems, the number of constituents, and the parameters of the constituent-constituent scattering amplitude, despite the fact that multiple-scattering terms may be important.

A single-transverse-mode $Q$-switched Nd-glass laser, which can operate over a variable number of longitudinal modes, has been used to investigate the influence of the temporal nature of the laser pulse on the multiphoton ionization probability of xenon atoms. For a seven-mode laser pulse, the number of ions formed is increased by several orders of magnitude over that produced by a single-longitudinal-mode laser pulse.