We analyze the scattering rate for 2D fermions interacting via soft nematic fluctuations. The ground state is an $s$-wave superconductor, but other pairing channels are almost equally attractive. This strongly alters the scattering rate: At energies beyond the pairing gap $\mathrm{\Delta }$, it is renormalized by contributions from all pairing channels. At energies of order $\mathrm{\Delta }$, it is determined by the competition between scattering into a gapped continuum and dispersing nematic resonance. The outcome is a “peak-peak-dip-hump” spectrum, similar, but not identical, to the “peak-dip-hump” structure in the cuprates.

Impacts of domain textures on low-lying neutral excitations in the bulk of fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) systems are probed by resonant inelastic light scattering. We demonstrate that large domains of quantum fluids support long-wavelength neutral collective excitations with well-defined wave vector (momentum) dispersion that could be interpreted by theories for uniform phases. Access to dispersive low-lying neutral collective modes in large domains of FQHE fluids such as long wavelength magnetorotons at filling factor $v=1/3$ offer significant experimental access to strong electron correlation physics in the FQHE.

We investigate the origin of yield stress aging in semidense, saline, and turbid suspensions in which structural evolution is rapidly arrested by the formation of thermally irreversible roll-resisting interparticle contacts. By performing optical tweezer three-point bending tests on particle rods, we show that these contacts yield by overcoming a rolling threshold, the critical bending moment of which grows logarithmically with time. We demonstrate that this time-dependent contact-scale rolling threshold controls the suspension yield stress and its aging kinetics. We identify a simple constitutive relation between the contact-scale flexural rigidity and rolling threshold, which transfers to macroscopic scales. This leads us to establishing a constitutive relation between macroscopic shear modulus and yield stress that is generic for an array of colloidal systems.

Radars use time-of-flight measurement to infer the range to a distant target from its return’s round-trip range delay. They typically transmit a high time-bandwidth product waveform and use pulse-compression reception to simultaneously achieve satisfactory range resolution and range accuracy under a peak transmitted-power constraint. Despite the many proposals for quantum radar, none have delineated the ultimate quantum limit on ranging accuracy. We derive that limit through continuous-time quantum analysis and show that quantum illumination ranging—a quantum pulse-compression radar that exploits the entanglement between a high time-bandwidth product transmitted signal pulse and and a high time-bandwidth product retained idler pulse—achieves that limit. We also show that quantum illumination ranging offers mean-squared range-delay accuracy that can be tens of dB better than that of a classical pulse-compression radar of the same pulse bandwidth and transmitted energy.

Dark matter with Planck-scale mass ($\simeq {10}^{19}\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$) arises in well-motivated theories and could be produced by several cosmological mechanisms. A search for multiscatter signals from supermassive dark matter was performed with a blind analysis of data collected over a 813 d live time with DEAP-3600, a 3.3 t single-phase liquid argon-based detector at SNOLAB. No candidate signals were observed, leading to the first direct detection constraints on Planck-scale mass dark matter. Leading limits constrain dark matter masses between $8.3\times {10}^6$ and $1.2\times {10}^{19}\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$, and ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$-scattering cross sections between $1.0\times {10}^{-23}$ and $2.4\times {10}^{-18}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$. These results are interpreted as constraints on composite dark matter models with two different nucleon-to-nuclear cross section scalings.

The $p_T$-differential production cross sections of prompt $D^0$, ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{0,++}(2455)$ charmed hadrons are measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$. This is the first measurement of ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{0,++}$ production in hadronic collisions. Assuming the same production yield for the three ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{0,+,++}$ isospin states, the baryon-to-meson cross section ratios ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{0,+,++}/D^0$ and ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}/D^0$ are calculated in the transverse momentum ($p_T$) intervals $2<p_T<12$ and $1<p_T<24\mathrm{GeV}/c$. Values significantly larger than in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions are observed, indicating for the first time that baryon enhancement in hadronic collisions also extends to the ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c$. The feed-down contribution to ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}$ production from ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{0,+,++}$ is also reported and is found to be larger than in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions. The data are compared with predictions from event generators and other phenomenological models, providing a sensitive test of the different charm-hadronization mechanisms implemented in the models.

Deep learning techniques have the power to identify the degree of modification of high energy jets traversing deconfined QCD matter on a jet-by-jet basis. Such knowledge allows us to study jets based on their initial, rather than final, energy. We show how this new technique provides unique access to the genuine configuration profile of jets over the transverse plane of the nuclear collision, both with respect to their production point and their orientation. By effectively removing the selection biases induced by final-state interactions, one can analyze the potential azimuthal anisotropies of jet production associated to initial-state effects. Additionally, we demonstrate the capability of our new method to locate with precision the production point of a dijet pair in the nuclear overlap region, in what constitutes an important step forward toward the long term quest of using jets as tomographic probes of the quark-gluon plasma.

Directed percolation (DP) has recently emerged as a possible solution to the century old puzzle surrounding the transition to turbulence. Multiple model studies reported DP exponents, however, experimental evidence is limited since the largest possible observation times are orders of magnitude shorter than the flows’ characteristic timescales. An exception is cylindrical Couette flow where the limit is not temporal, but rather the realizable system size. We present experiments in a Couette setup of unprecedented azimuthal and axial aspect ratios. Approaching the critical point to within less than 0.1% we determine five critical exponents, all of which are in excellent agreement with the $2+1\mathrm{D}$ DP universality class. The complex dynamics encountered at the onset of turbulence can hence be fully rationalized within the framework of statistical mechanics.

Using detailed spectroscopic measurements, highly resolved in both time and space, a self-generated plasma rotation is demonstrated using a cylindrical implosion with a preembedded axial magnetic field ($B_{z0}$). The rotation direction is found to depend on the direction of $B_{z0}$ and its velocity is found comparable to the peak implosion velocity, considerably affecting the force and energy balance throughout the implosion. Moreover, the evolution of the rotation is consistent with magnetic flux surface isorotation, a novel observation in a Z pinch, which is a prototypical time dependent system.

We propose the construction of a many-body phase of matter with fractal structure using arrays of Rydberg atoms. The degenerate low energy excited states of this phase form a self-similar fractal structure. This phase is analogous to the so-called “type-II fracton topological states.” The main challenge in realizing fractonlike models in standard condensed matter platforms is the creation of multispin interactions, since realistic systems are typically dominated by two-body interactions. In this work, we demonstrate that the van der Waals interaction and experimental tunability of Rydberg-based platforms enable the simulation of exotic phases of matter with fractal structures, and the study of a quantum phase transition involving a fractal ordered phase.

Epithelial monolayers are subjected to various mechanical forces, such as stretching, shearing, and compression. Thus, its mechanical response to external loadings is essential for its biological functions. However, the mechanism of the fracture failure of the epithelial monolayer remains poorly understood. Here, by introducing a new type of topological transition, i.e., detach transition or $T4$ transition, we develop a modified cellular vertex model to investigate the rupture of the cell monolayer. Interestingly, we find a brittle-to-ductile transition in epithelial monolayers, which is controlled by the mechanical properties of single cells and cell-cell contacts. We reveal that the external loadings can activate cell rearrangement in ductile cell monolayers. The plastic deformation results from the nucleation and propagation of “pentagon-heptagon defects” in analogy with the topological defects commonly seen in 2D materials. By using a simplified four-cell model, we further demonstrate that the brittle-to-ductile transition is induced by the competition between cell rearrangement and cell detachment. Our work provides a new theoretical framework to study the rupture of living tissues and may have important implications for many other biological processes, such as wound healing and tissue morphogenesis.

The Landauer principle states that any logically irreversible information processing must be accompanied by dissipation into the environment. In this Letter, we investigate the heat dissipation associated with finite-time information erasure and the effect of quantum coherence in such processes. By considering a scenario wherein information is encoded in an open quantum system whose dynamics are described by the Markovian Lindblad equation, we show that the dissipated heat is lower bounded by the conventional Landauer cost, as well as a correction term inversely proportional to the operational time. To clarify the relation between quantum coherence and dissipation, we derive a lower bound for heat dissipation in terms of quantum coherence. This bound quantitatively implies that the creation of quantum coherence in the energy eigenbasis during the erasure process inevitably leads to additional heat costs. The obtained bounds hold for arbitrary operational time and control protocol. By following an optimal control theory, we numerically present an optimal protocol and illustrate our findings by using a single-qubit system.

The recently established formalism of a worldline quantum field theory, which describes the classical scattering of massive bodies (black holes, neutron stars, or stars) in Einstein gravity, is generalized up to quadratic order in spin, revealing an alternative $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric description of the symmetries inherent in spinning bodies. The far-field time domain waveform of the gravitational waves produced in such a spinning encounter is computed at leading order in the post-Minkowskian (weak field, but generic velocity) expansion, and exhibits this supersymmetry. From the waveform we extract the leading-order total radiated angular momentum in a generic reference frame, and the total radiated energy in the center-of-mass frame to leading order in a low-velocity approximation.

We construct a supersymmetric vacuum of string theory in which the magnitude of the vacuum energy is $<{10}^{-123}$ in Planck units. The mechanism that we introduce generates a well-controlled exponential hierarchy from an appropriate choice of the quantized parameters in the superpotential. Our approach provides a new angle on the cosmological constant problem.

We demonstrate fast control of the interatomic interactions in a Bose-Einstein condensate by coherently coupling two atomic states with intra- and interstate scattering lengths of opposite signs. We measure the elastic and inelastic scattering properties of the system and find good agreement with a theoretical model describing the interactions between dressed states. In the attractive regime, we observe the formation of bright solitons formed by dressed-state atoms. Finally, we study the response of the system to an interaction quench from repulsive to attractive values, and observe how the resulting modulational instability develops into a bright soliton train.