The shape of the $L_{2,3}\mathrm{VV}$ Auger line has been calculated for a Si(111) surface and found to be in excellent agreement with the data of Houston and Lagally. By contrast, the experimental line shape scarcely resembles the self-fold of the occupied Si density of states, a fact which the calculation shows to be the result of matrix-element angular momentum dependence and not of "many-body" effects.

The host ${}_{}{}^{63}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$ NMR in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1-c}{\mathrm{Mn}}_c$ alloys with $c$ in the range 1000-4000 ppm exhibits loss of intensity but no abrupt increase in linewidth below the spin-glass ordering temperature $T_0$, in disagreement with theoretical predictions of cooperative "freezing" of the impurity-spin reorientation. Decreases of longitudinal and transverse NMR relaxation times below $T_0$ indicate important modifications of impurity-spin dynamics.

The cross sections and the kinetic energy distributions of fragments with individually resolved atomic numbers have been measured as a function of angle. The variations in the $Z$ distribution widths with angle and the change of the angular distributions from side peaked for $Z\text{'}\mathrm{s}$ close to 36 to forward peaked for $Z\text{'}\mathrm{s}$ far removed from 36 dramatically demonstrates the presence of diffusion of nucleons between the target and projectile.

The inherent alignment of the prompt fission fragments was used to measure the $g$ factor of the $6^{+}$ isomeric state of ${}_{}{}^{134}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Te}$ by the time-differential perturbed angular-correlation method. The experimental result $g_{\exp }=0.846\mathrm{}\pm 0.025$ is close to effective $g$ factors of $g_{\frac{7}{2}}$ protons in nuclei with 82 neutrons. The deviation from the Schmidt value is discussed in terms of the polarization of the ${}_{50}{}^{182}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}_{82}^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ core by the $g_{\frac{7}{2}}$ protons.

Si-$K\alpha$-x-ray spectra produced by 45-MeV Cl-ion bombardment using thin solid Si and Si${\mathrm{H}}_4$ targets are measured. The Si satellite lines shift in energy and change in relative intensity between the solid and gas spectra indicating that different electronic states are produced in the two collisions. The effective fluorescence yield varies by a factor of 2 between the two systems affecting interpretation of comparisons of heavy-ion-induced x-ray-production cross sections.

We report the first observation of spatially resolved x-ray lines from laser-irradiated spherical targets. The lines are found to emanate mainly from inside the critical layer but the density they all indicate is not much higher than critical. These results are relevant to the study of heat conductivity and the laser ponderomotive force.

Various techniques of coherent averaging in NMR are applied in time sequence and the transient signal is doubly Fourier analyzed. The result is a two-dimensional NMR spectrum in which dipole-dipole spectra of spins having slightly different chemical shifts are separated from one another. The results are useful for determination of atomic positions in solids.

I prove that the ground-state energy of an arbitrary system of nonrelativistic spinless Bose particles increases when any (arbitrarily strong or inhomogeneous) magnetic field is turned on.

The high-temperature, normal-state resistivity of strong-coupled superconducting transition-metal compounds saturates at a value corresponding to an electron mean free path of the order of the interatomic spacing in the compound. This accounts for the nonlinear temperature dependence of the resistivity observed in these compounds at high temperature.

An anomalous temperature and thickness dependence in the optical absorption of the lowest direct exciton of GaSe is reported. The effect, which is interpreted as a result of the competition between exciton-photon interaction and exciton dissipation mechanisms (phonon and surface scattering), provides strong experimental evidence for the polariton description of the exciton absorption process in semiconductors.

New leptons and right-handed neutrinos, created by weak neutral currents in stellar interiors, will do much to produce a supernova explosion. I study their production and absorption mechanisms, and note that angular momentum carried by neutrinos might affect the rotation of the subsequent neutron star.

Differences in the approach to scaling of neutron and proton structure functions should result from the mass splitting of SU(6) multiplets. I verify the existence of this effect and use it to extract from recent data the form of the scaling structure functions. These functions are found to vanish at $x=1\mathrm{}$ as ${\mathrm{}(1-x)\mathrm{}}^3$ with a ratio $\frac{F_n\mathrm{}\left(x\right)\mathrm{}}{F_p\mathrm{}\left(x\right)\mathrm{}}$ of ¼.

We report new measurements of neutron-nuclear total cross sections obtained at Fermilab. The data are for neutron momenta between 30 and 300 GeV/c and for nuclear targets of carbon, aluminum, copper, and lead.

A comparison of measurements of prompt single muons, produced in the forward direction by 400-GeV proton interactions, with the results of measurements of muon pairs produced under the same conditions shows that the pair intensity accounts for the inclusive single-muon flux in a manner which is insensitive to the details of the production and decay of the muon pairs. The mean invariant mass of the pairs is about 900 MeV/${\mathit{c}}^2$.

The polarization of 185-GeV prompt muons produced in the forward direction by the interaction of 400-GeV protons has been measured to be $P=0.00\mathrm{}\pm 0.10$ along their direction of flight. The null value for the polarization suggests that the muons are produced through electromagnetic interactions.

The conjecture is that $\mathrm{CP}$ and $T$ invariances are maximally violated by the weak currents associated with the new ("superstrange") class of hadrons suggested by dilepton production by neutrinos. This accounts for the phenomenon of $\mathrm{CP}$ nonconservation in $K^0$ and ${\overline{K}}^0$ decay, and the magnitude of ${\eta }_{+-}$ is consistent with a superstrange hadron mass within the energy range of the neutrino experiments. Tests of $T$ invariance in such neutrino experiments are suggested.

We propose that all direct leptons not due to vector meson decay can be attributed to the decay of virtual photons. At $p_{\perp }\approx 3$ GeV/c, we expect $\frac{\gamma }{\pi }$, the ratio of direct photons to pions, to be about 10 to 20% for $\sqrt{s}\approx 20-60$ GeV.

The atomic scattering length of lead and the nuclear scattering lengths of lead and bismuth were measured with high accuracy. From the results we obtained $b_c\left(\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{atom}\right)=9.4003\mathrm{}\pm 0.0014$ fm, $b_N\left(\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{nucleus}\right)=9.5121\mathrm{}\pm 0.015$ fm, $b_N\left(\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{nucleus}\right)=8.6412\mathrm{}\pm 0.015$ fm, and from the previously reported $b_c\left(\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{atom}\right)$ we obtained two new values for the neutron-electron scattering length: $b_{n,e}=-(1.364\mathrm{}\pm 0.025)\times {10}^{-3\mathrm{}}$ fm from the Pb experiment, and $b_{n,e}=-(1.393\mathrm{}\pm 0.025)\times {10}^{-3\mathrm{}}$ fm from the Bi data.

Internal conversion of $\gamma$ rays from Coulomb-excited nuclear levels cannot be neglected compared with the spontaneous and induced positron production in overcritical electric fields. It is shown that both processes are separable by their different distributions with respect to the ion angle and the positron energy.

We discuss a possible mechanism, namely the maximization of the overlap of nucleonic wave functions by alignment, for the formation of isomers in the yrast band in the rare nuclei at very high spin states. Our results indicate that the possibility of existence of such yrast traps is restricted to a few nuclei with special irregularities in the single-particle levels.