Elastic and inelastic angular distributions were measured, including that for the $6^{+}$ state at 0.712 MeV. Parameters of the charge distribution were determined, and compared with those obtained with low-energy electrons and with mass deformation parameters from $\alpha$ scattering. The data also compared to a Hartree-Fock calculation.

The (${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}, d$) reaction has been measured at 34-MeV incident energy from targets of ${}_{}{}^{54}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$, ${}_{}{}^{56}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$, and ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$ using a $Q3D$ spectrograph. A close correspondence is found between the (${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}, d$) spectra and previous ($t, p$) and (${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}, n$) results for the same final nuclei. The $0^{+}$ proton-pairing vibration states in ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ and ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ are strongly excited, and the pairing vibration is identified for the first time at 3.519 MeV in ${}_{}{}^{62}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ based on (${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}, d$). The remainder of the levels in ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ and ${}_{}{}^{62}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ follow closely the ($t, p$) patterns of excitation.

The theory of direct electron-positron pair production in the collision of heavy ions is formulated in the framework of the quasimolecular model. The pair production process acquires a collective nature for $(Z_1+Z_2)\alpha >1\mathrm{}$ and can be understood as the shakeoff of the strong vacuum polarization cloud formed in the quasimolecule. The total cross section is, e.g., 76 μb for Pb + Pb at Coulomb barrier energies.

Ultraviolet illumination of Ar, ${\mathrm{N}}_2$, or air containing trace amounts of S${\mathrm{O}}_2$ or benzaldehyde quenches positronium through interactions with photoexcited impurity triplet states. The measured interaction cross sections are large, $\sim {10}^4\pi {a_0}^2$, and appear to increase as $T^{\frac{1}{2}}$ in the range 300 to 400°K. Triplet concentrations as low as ${10}^{-8\mathrm{}}$ can be detected at atmospheric pressures.

We show that a poorly electrically conducting fluid, in the presence of both static thermal and potential gradients, displays instabilities that are very different from those encountered in the Rayleigh-Bénard problem. For certain parameter values, we predict a direct transition to oscillatory behavior which should be observable by simple means.

We report the observation of a coherent, maser-type rf radiation of the ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$ nuclear-spin system in ${\mathrm{Al}}_2$${\mathrm{O}}_3$: ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ pumped by dynamic nuclear polarization to negative temperature. A theoretical description is presented for the sharp, superradiant bursts which follow the fast tuning of a resonant $\mathrm{LC}$ circuit to a selected NMR line of ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$. Experimental results are discussed which demonstrate the interplay between dynamic nuclear polarization, relaxation, and the radiation field.

The general condition that determines the equilibrium textures of superfluid ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$-$A$ incorporating the interdependence of ${\overrightarrow{\mathrm{V}}}^{\mathrm{}\left(s\right)\mathrm{}}$, $l_i$, and ${\partial }_i{l}_j$, is derived. This condition is used to generalize Graham's hydrodynamics to allow for arbitrary equilibrium textures and steady-state flow. A new procedure is introduced to ensure that angular momentum is locally conserved; it is found to imply various relations between certain reaction coefficients.

The central peak in the light scattering spectrum of K${\mathrm{H}}_3$${\left(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{e}{\mathrm{O}}_3\right)}_2$ has been found to depend on the history of a specimen: The central component of an as-grown crystal shows remarkable increase in intensity near the phase-transition temperature $T_{\mathrm{tr}}$, while after repeated measurements in the temperature range between - 30°C and $T_{\mathrm{tr}}$, the central component becomes very weak even near $T_{\mathrm{tr}}$. The origin of the central peaks observed in the as-grown K${\mathrm{H}}_3$${\left(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{e}{\mathrm{O}}_3\right)}_2$ crystals seems to be an extrinsic one.

High-temperature ${}_{}{}^{59}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Co}$ NMR data are presented for dilute alloys of Co in Au. A four-parameter ionic model, including Kondo condensation effects, is shown to account for the anomalous properties of this system.

The possible local counterterms in supergravity are investigated to all loop orders. Supersymmetry implies that (1) supergravity-matter coupling is one-loop nonrenormalizable, with a specific counterterm; (2) pure supergravity is renormalizable at both one and two loops; (3) it fails at three loops; (4) extended supergravity models may avoid the three-loop catastrophe, and have no dangerous local counterterms to any order. In that case, the nonleading divergences could be removed by field redefinitions, which would establish renormalizability for these systems.

Simple, natural model of leptons are presented in which the rare decays $\mu \to e\gamma$ and $\mu \to 3e$ occur. The models require doubly charged leptons. The experimental lower limit on the mass of doubly charged leptons determines an upper limit on $\frac{\Gamma (\mu \to 3e)}{\Gamma (\mu \to e\gamma )}$. Parity nonconservation in atoms may be small.

The energies of high-spin states formed by adding a few valence nucleons to ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ can be accurately calculated by using empirical interaction matrix elements. It is shown that the energies of high-spin states with ${}_{}{}^{207}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$, ${}_{}{}^{206}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$, and ${}_{}{}^{204}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ as the core can also be accurately calculated if an additional quadrupole interaction with a strength proportional to the increased polarizability of the core is included. This interaction may contribute to the formation of yrast traps from states with a few valence nucleons with aligned angular momenta.

Two-photon, Doppler-free spectroscopy with counter-propagating beams from a cw dye laser and a new type of thermionic detector have been used to study the ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}D_{\frac{3}{2}}^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ and ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}D_{\frac{5}{2}}^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ levels of Rb for Rydberg states up to $n=85\mathrm{}$, only 16 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$ from the ionization limit. It is shown that the fine-structure spacing varies as ${n_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{-3\mathrm{}}$ for $n>\mathrm{}\sim 25$, and as a linear combination of ${n_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{-5\mathrm{}}$ and ${n_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{-3\mathrm{}}$ for $n<\mathrm{}\sim 25$.

The laser plasma interaction is simulated by the interaction of a microwave beam with an inhomogeneous, collisionless plasma. Magnetic fields are generated perpendicular to the density gradient and to the incident-wave polarization. The observed sharp reversal of field direction in the resonant region supports resonant absorption as the generation mechanism.

Efficiency of ablative implosion of laser-heated pellets is estimated from numerical simulations based only on classical thermal conduction. An inverse dependence of overall nuclear-yield ratio on wavelength is indicated in the visible and near-infrared range.

A two-dimensional electron transport model is used to study relativistic electron-beam (REB) deposition in thin metal anodes in the presence of strong, macroscopic electric and magnetic fields. Enhancement in power per mass deposited is calculated under certain conditions for high-current beams, which has important implications for REB fusion. Requirements for enhanced deposition are discussed, and a possible diode design is given.

A consideration of the dynamics of a vortex tangle leads to a new equation describing turbulence in superfluid helium. The equation is seen to be remarkably successful in predicting the steady-state properties of dissipative counterflow.

Strong experimental evidence is obtained that the maximum observed in the temperature dependence of the flow stress of copper alloys is a dislocation inertial effect. By using the superconducting effect in lead as a key, it is found that the maximum occurs when dislocations become critically damped.

A new type of domain wall is found where both vectors $\hat{d}$ and $\hat{l}$ rotate from parallel to antiparallel configuration in the same plane but in the opposite sense. The composite soliton has the surface energy smaller by a factor of $\sqrt{5}$ than the pure $\hat{d}$ soliton in a uniform $\hat{l}$ texture. The oscillations of the vector $\hat{d}$ in the composite soliton give rise to satellite resonance frequencies, smaller than the normal magnetic resonance frequencies in the $A$ phase.

A fully self-consistent calculation of electron charge densities, work function, and local densities of states is reported for an unsupported three-layer copper thin film with (100) surfaces. The work function agrees well with experiment. The electronic charge density contours are bulklike for the central plane. There is a marked variation of the local density of states in the surface region. Comparison is made with photoemission spectra and bulk calculations.