In the unified color gauge theory of Pati and Salam, we show that the color effects are dominant in deep-inelastic Compton scattering and the calculations from this theory fit the experimental data very well.

We have observed six additional trimuons in a neutrino beam and one trimuon in an antineutrino beam using the new large-angle neutrino detector (NEULAND) at Fermilab. One of the neutrino events has three very high-energy muons. The properties of the new trimuon events together with the earlier events suggest at least two qualitatively different origins for this phenomenon.

Polarization of the scattered $\Lambda$ has been measured in the reaction $\Lambda +p\to \Lambda +p$. A total of 90 000 elastic events was recorded. Polarization was observed which decreased in magnitude with increasing momentum. For $0.1<~\mathrm{}\left|t\right|\mathrm{}<~0.4$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^2$ the polarization is $P=-0.21\mathrm{}\pm 0.07$ for $p=110\mathrm{}$ GeV/c and is +0.01±0.04 at $p=320\mathrm{}$ GeV/c. Results for 860 $\overline{\Lambda }-p$ elastic scatterings are also presented.

Angular distributions for the reactions ${}_{}{}^{98}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}(p, {\pi }^{+}){}_{}{}^{91}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}(\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.\mathrm{})$ and ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}(p, {\pi }^{+}){}_{}{}^{209}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}(0.0, 0.78, \mathrm{and} 1.41 \mathrm{MeV})$ at 160 MeV have been measured from 25 to 155 deg using a quadrupole-dipole-dipole-multipole magnetic spectrograph. The ${}_{}{}^{90}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$ angular distribution has a shallow minimum at about 80 deg; the ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ angular distributions have minima at more forward angles and rise markedly in the backward hemisphere. The ($p, {\pi }^{+}$) cross sections observed in this mass region depend weakly on target mass and angular momentum transfer.

The pionic wave functions obtained by fitting phenomenological optical potentials to elastic-scattering data are found to be dependent on the assumed off-shell extrapolation of the $\pi N$ amplitude. Using data from low-lying excited states or employing finite range potentials does not eliminate the ambiguities.

The polarizations of products of quasielastic heavy-ion reactions are discussed in the framework of the distorted-wave Born approximation and are shown to depend upon the bombarding energy, $Q$ value, and specific reaction products. A sign change of these polarizations (which is unrelated to negative-angle scattering) is expected as a function of energy loss. Polarizations of the reaction products may be of opposite sign.

Form factors were measured for transitions to levels at 7.937, 8.808, 10.19, 11.24, and 12.50 MeV and identified as $M8\mathrm{}$ and assigned $J^{\pi }=8^{-}$. The interpretation is given that the one-particle, one-hole component of these levels is dominantly ($g_{\frac{9}{2}}{f_{\frac{7}{2}}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$) and composes most of the observable $M8\mathrm{}$ strength, which is, however, only about 22% of simple shell-model predictions.

The giant-halo inclusion $19D$ reported to show the strongest evidence for superheavy elements on the basis of proton-induced x-ray fluorescence has been re-examined with ≈ 55 times greater sensitivity by employing synchrotron radiation as the exciting source. It is shown conclusively that at concentration levels of ≈ 5 × ${10}^8$ atoms per inclusion, superheavy elements are not present in $\mathrm{GH}19D$ or in numerous other giant-halo inclusions studied.

Muon capture by the triton is investigated. "Exact" ground-state wave functions extracted from realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions are incorporated in the calculations. The treatment involves non-energy-weighted sum rules and explicit introduction of the three-neutron final state. Beside results on muon capture by ${\mathrm{He}}^3$, a lower limit is established for the muon-capture rate in ${\mathrm{H}}^3$.

A modified version of the vacuum spark experiment, in which a jet of argon is injected from the anode, is described. Experiments on a 1.26-kJ system have shown a strong pinching of the plasma with good reproducibility. The pinched plasma (∼ 20 ns lifetime) is submillimeter in size with estimated temperature of 6-9 keV and density ≳ ${10}^{18}$e/${\mathrm{cm}}^3$. Advantages of such a device for the study of high-density plasmas and scaling up are discussed. Results are compared to vacuum spark and exploding wire experiments performed on the same system.

An investigation has been made of ${\mathrm{V}}^{3+}$ pairs in ${\mathrm{Al}}_2$${\mathrm{O}}_3$ by phonon frequency-crossing spectroscopy. The crossing spectrum can be interpreted with an interaction Hamiltonian $J{\overrightarrow{\mathrm{S}}}_1·{\overrightarrow{\mathrm{S}}}_2$ and pairs have been identified with $\mathrm{}\left|J\right|=0.29\mathrm{} \mathrm{and} 1.50$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. Pairs have been detected at concentrations ∼2×${10}^{-2\mathrm{}}$ ppm, and it is probable that concentrations ∼2×${10}^{-3\mathrm{}}$ ppm could be detected in this way.

Measurements have been made of the short-range spin correlations in USb, a metallic compound that orders antiferromagnetically. The system has no transverse fluctuations, and the longitudinal spin correlations are anisotropic, showing stronger interactions within the ferromagnetic sheets than between them. The results of this and other experiments can be understood with simple concepts involving the bonding of $5f$ electrons.

By direct spatial imaging and spectral analysis of recombination luminescence we have observed in silicon (1) the drift of photoproduced excitons from the crystal surface into a strain potential well; (2) ideal-gas behavior of the strain-confined excitons in the well between 25 and 5 K; (3) a real-space condensation near $T=4\mathrm{}$ K which defines the first-order gas-liquid phase transition; and (4) luminescence from excitonic molecules.

We show that pseudoparticle solutions with integer winding number do not generate mass terms or breaking of chiral $\mathrm{SU}\mathrm{}\left(N\right)\mathrm{}$ in theories with a nontrivial flavor group.

We report a measurement of the reaction ${\pi }^{-}p\to \varphi \varphi n$ at 22.6 GeV/c. The $\varphi \varphi$ effectivemass spectrum shows a concentration of events from threshold to about 2.4 GeV/${\mathit{c}}^2$. From the data near 2.8 GeV/${\mathit{c}}^2$ effective mass, we place an upper limit on $\sigma$ times the branching ratio of 2 nb (90% confidence level) for the production of ${\eta }_c$ and its decay into $\varphi \varphi$.

We have measured ${\pi }^{\pm }p$ and $\mathrm{pp}$ elastic differential cross sections in the range $\left|{cos\theta }_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.\mathrm{}}\right|<\mathrm{}0.35\mathrm{}$ for incident momenta from 2 to 9.7 GeV/c for ${\pi }^{-}p$ and $\mathrm{pp}$ and from 2 to 6.3 GeV/c for ${\pi }^{+}p$. We find that the fixed-c.m.-angle $\pi p$ differential cross sections cannot be described as simple functions of $s$. The data are compared to the energy and angular dependence predicted by the constituent model of Gunion, Brodsky, and Blankenbecler.

Large-angle ${\pi }^{\pm }p$ elastic-scattering cross sections, measured between 2 and 9 GeV/c in fine intervals of incident momentum and scattering angle, are used to search for cross-section fluctuations occurring for small changes in the center-of-mass energy as suggested by Ericson and Mayer-Kuckuck and by Frautschi. Significant fluctuations are observed.

Confidence levels against the hypothesis that the trimuon events observed with the large-angle neutrino detector (NEULAND) at Fermilab were induced by new kinds of neutrinos associated with short-lived particles were estimated to be 99.9%, 99%, and 85%, respectively, for the trimuon events in the three categories in which the momentum of the lowest energy muon is greater than 5, 10, and 20 GeV/c.

The mass spectrum of muon pairs in the range 5 to 15 GeV is studied in the inclusive reaction $p+\mathrm{nucleus}\to {\mu }^{+}+{\mu }^{-}+\mathrm{anything}$. The $\Upsilon$ and continuum distribution are presented as is the $A$ dependence of the continuum. Comparison with a parton-annihilation model yields a sea-quark distribution.

We calculate the pion-deuteron elastic scattering at $E_{\pi }=142\mathrm{}$ MeV using nonrelativistic three-body equations in which relativistic kinematics are retained only for the pion. The $\mathrm{NN}$ tensor force is taken into account, and, for the first time, all $S$ and $P$ $\pi N$ partial waves are included in an exact way. The coupling between $l=J\pm 1$ $\pi d$ channels is found to be not negligible, and we establish the large interference effects of all other than $P_{33}$ $\pi N$ channels leading to a rather good description of the experimental data at $E_{\pi }=142\mathrm{}$ MeV.