Various models for the recently observed rise in $\nu W_2(x,Q^2)$ in deep-inelastic muon-Fe scattering at large $Q^2$ are considered. Explicit excitation of color seems to give the best fit to the data. Some consequences of this idea are discussed and predictions made to test it.

I show that, in the Weinberg-Salam model with one Higgs doublet, in order for the physical vacuum to be an absolute minimum (in the one-loop approximation), certain requirements on the fermion masses have to be met. Specifically, the quantity ${\left\{\Sigma i^{}{m_{f_i}}^4\right\}}^{\frac{1}{4}}$, where the summation extends over fermions, is bounded from above by approximately 133.5 GeV $({{sin}^2\theta }_{\mathrm{W}}=0.25) or 137.7$ GeV (${{sin}^2\theta }_{\mathrm{W}}=0.2\mathrm{}$).

Evidence is given to show that ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ behaves like a tetrahedral rotor with a level sequence $0^{+}$, $3^{-}$, $4^{+}$, $6^{+}$, $7^{-}$, $8^{+}$,.... The charge form factors for excited states can be predicted from the ground-state form factor and excellent agreement with experiment is obtained for the $3^{-}$ and $4^{+}$ states at 6.13 and 10.35 MeV, respectively. The elastic-scattering data are fitted using deformed rather than spherical $\alpha$ clusters.

Central collisions of heavy nuclei at c.m. kinetic energies of a few hundred MeV per nucleon produce fireballs of hot, dense nuclear matter. Each fireball explodes, producing a blast wave of nucleons and pions. Several features of the observed cross sections for pions and protons from Ne on Na F at 0.8 GeV/nucleon (lab) are explained by the blast wave, but contradict earlier, purely thermal models. The available energy is equally divided between translational energy of the blast, and thermal motion of the particles in the exploding matter.

A simple analytic calculation of magnetic and hyperfine constants of molecular iodine in the $B{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\Pi _{0^{+}\mathrm{u}}^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ state is carried out. The calculation is based on simple physical ideas which are well suited to represent precisely molecular states close to their dissociation limit. Thus the method is quite general. The agreement between theory and experiment for the ${\mathrm{I}}_2$ $B$ state is good.

We have analyzed the effects of relaxation on coherent pulse-train propagation through a two-level absorber. It is shown that after the entire absorber has relaxed to a time-repetitive equilibrium with the field, the characteristic features of single-pulse self-induced transparency are still predicted.

A laser-fusion target's support fiber is heated at large distances from the laser plasma principally by Ohmic heating due to an electrical return current. Optical and electrical measurements demonstrate that return-current heating dominates over other heating mechanics such as hot-electron propagation along the fiber, thermal conduction, and line-of-sight plasma radiation.

Extended fine structure, equivalent to extended x-ray-absorption fine structure, has been observed on carbon $K$-ionization edges obtained with electron energy-loss spectroscopy utilizing 0.75- to 5-nm radius probe sizes, and sampling as few as ${10}^4$ atoms in times as short as 4 min. Radial distribution functions show the expected behavior for graphite and an amorphous carbon sample. A second "amorphous" sample, however, shows structure which suggests the existence of local tetrahedral coordination.

This neutron-scattering study deals with the behavior of the order parameters ${M_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}}^{\parallel }\mathrm{}(H,T)\mathrm{}$ and ${M_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}}^{\perp }\mathrm{}(H,T)\mathrm{}$ in CsMn${\mathrm{Br}}_3$·2${\mathrm{D}}_2$O. The data provide a first direct test of the extended-scaling theory near the bicritical point of a spin-flop system.

The emission spectra from a given adatom initial state are analyzed as a function of photon energy. We can classify the emission spectra into two classes according to the initial state. For initial states with no nodes, the emission spectra contain interference modulations sensitive to the adsorbate-substrate distance. For initial states with nodes, the spectra at low energies are dominated by a main peak which is independent of surface structure and which has its origin in the emission of a single adatom.

In liquid ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ in a Pomeranchuk cell, spin polarizations of 5-20% have been obtained. The method involved production of polarized solid by Pomeranchuk cooling in magnetic fields from 0.03 to 3 T, followed by rapid decompression to a pressure between 2.9 and 0.2 MPa. Relaxation times in the liquid range from 1 to 5 min, increasing with decreasing pressure and with increasing field.

We extend Dyson's work on the mapping of the spin-$S$ Heisenberg model onto an interacting Bose field. The operator correspondences between the two theories are established. We show that the infrared Feynman rules, which contain the critical behavior, are independent of $S$. Also, we explicitly check, at one-loop order, that the infrared rules generate a renormalizable quantum field theory near $d=2\mathrm{}$ with the classical value for $T_c$ and the exponents.

Nuclear acoustic resonance of interstitial solute hydrogen has been observed in a single crystal of the transition metal niobium at 300 K and 49 kG. The resonance line has a demagnetization-dominated width of 0.4 G and a negative Knight shift of (8±4) ppm.

The light emitted by small-particle tunnel junctions is partially polarized. The excess light polarized perpendicular to the junctions is possibly due to the radiative decay of localized surface plasmons that are excited by tunneling electrons. Both the angular distribution and the intensity versus photon energy of this light are in agreement with recent theoretical calculations based on the excitation and radiative decay of surface plasmons in a small metal particle located above a metal film.

In this paper I introduce and solve a series of band problems in higher dimensions which are generalizations of the one-dimensional Kronig-Penney model. These problems are nonseparable, in contrast to the three-dimensional model in the original Kronig-Penney work. In two dimensions the band problem is on a triangular lattice, while in three dimensions the band problem is on a body-centered-cubic lattice.

A spike-shaped heat-capacity anomaly has been identified at the lower superconducting-to-normal transition temperature $T_{c2\mathrm{}}$ of the magnetic superconducting system (${\mathrm{Er}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{Ho}}_x$)-${\mathrm{Rh}}_4$${\mathrm{B}}_4$. This anomaly can be distinguished from the feature due to long-range magnetic ordering and indicates that the transition at $T_{c2\mathrm{}}$ is thermodynamically of first order.

It is shown that the spectral density of the Ni $d$ electrons contains a peak due to excitations of bound hole pairs. The spectral density is observed directly in photoemission experiments which show a satellite peak below the bottom of the $d$ bands. The observed peak exhibits a strong resonance as a function of photon energy and this behavior is also explained by the present theory.

New measurements of the emission spectrum of the night sky have been made in the frequency range from 1.7 to 40 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$ using a fully calibrated, liquid-helium-cooled, balloon-borne spectrophotometer. The results show that the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation peaks at 6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$ and is approximately that of a 3-K blackbody out to several times that frequency. However, the data show deviations from a simple blackbody curve.

Conduction by classical charge carriers is investigated for a one-dimensional system interrupted by barriers with a random distribution of activation energies. Under certain conditions the transport properties are dominated by disorder, and the model predicts an anomalous low-frequency conductivity $\sigma \left(\omega \right)\sim {(-i\omega )}^{\nu }$, with $\nu =\frac{(1-\frac{T}{T_m})}{(1+\frac{T}{T_m})}$, for $T<\mathrm{}{T}_m$, and a mobility transition at $T=T_m$. The model is shown to describe recent experiments on the one-dimensional superionic conductor hollandite (${\mathrm{K}}_{1.54}$${\mathrm{Mg}}_{0.77}$${\mathrm{Ti}}_{7.23}$${\mathrm{O}}_{16}$).

We have measured the net charge of the forward hadrons electroproduced from a proton target and have observed a rise with increasing $x(=\frac{Q^2}{2M\nu })$. This effect is expected in the quark-proton model as the electroproduction of hadrons becomes dominated by the fragmentation of $u$ quarks. The data are also consistent with jet models in which a high-momentum leading hadron, rather than a slower hadron, is more likely to be carrying the parent quark.