A change in the phase of the order parameter of ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$-$A$ can be undone by a subsequent rotation. We investigate the dynamical consequence of this broken relative gauge and rotational symmetry. In particular a wheel rotated in the liquid acts as a "gauge transformer" driving a superflow. Such experiments provide a very direct probe of this unusual feature of the order parameter, at the same time measuring the orbital quantum number of the pairs.

We report photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) of ions by the same core-hole Auger-decay mechanism observed in electron-stimulated desorption (ESD). Ions desorbed by synchrotron radiation were identified by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The thresholds for the PSD and ESD of ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$, O${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{F}}^{+}$ from Ti${\mathrm{O}}_2$ are identical. The PSD excitation spectra consists of sharp peaks, compared to broad steps in ESD. PSD is shown to be a powerful surface probe with the potential of providing unique information on bonding sites.

The resistivity of the intermediate-valence compounds ${\mathrm{Tm}}_x\mathrm{Se}$ ($0.79<x<\mathrm{}0.993\mathrm{}$) has been measured down to 10 mK. The variation of the residual resistivity with composition (i.e., with the proportion of ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{2+}$) suggests that a perfectly stoichiometric system might become insulating at 0 K. This divergence seems to take place when the two valence states are equal in concentration. A possible interpretation based on the recent developments of the Kondo-lattice models is discussed.

Pair-field susceptibilities of Al films doped with the magnetic impurity Er have been measured. The spin-flip scattering time determined from studies above $T_c$ is consistent with the results of electron spin resonance measurements. Below $T_c$ the transverse mode of the order parameter propagates only when there is a gap in the excitation spectrum.

A transient optical absorption has been observed at low temperatures in amorphous ${\mathrm{Si}}_x{\mathrm{Ge}}_{1-x}$:H excited by laser. The temperature and laser-intensity dependences were found to be similar to those observed for the photoinduced ESR signal seen in amorphous Si: H and Ge: H. It is shown that most characteristics of the induced absorption can be described in terms of the polaron theory.

We suggest that grand unified field theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking in the very early big bang can lead more naturally to a baryon-symmetric cosmology with a domain structure than to a totally baryon-asymmetric cosmology. The symmetry is broken in a randomized manner in causally independent domains, favoring neither a baryon nor an antibaryon excess on a universal scale. Arguments in favor of this cosmology and observational tests are discussed.

We suggest that the Monte Carlo renormalization group, when combined with the type of cell-spin transformation introduced by van Leeuwen, should be a powerful tool in the study of Ising models with $n>~2$. Numerical results are presented for the Baxter model and the Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions on a square lattice.

For isolated gravitating systems of physical interest, the difference between the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner four-momentum and the Bondi four-momentum associated with a retarded instant of time is shown to equal the four-momentum carried away by the gravitational radiation emitted between infinite past and the given retarded instant.

It is argued that an excess of ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons in gluon jets may be a clear indication for the three-gluon vertex of quantum chromodynamics.

Interactions of 209-GeV muons within a magnetized-steel calorimeter have produced 1000±80 ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ pairs from $\frac{J}{\psi }\mathrm{}\left(3100\right)\mathrm{}$ decay. Redundant systems of proportional and drift chambers maintained uniform acceptance and 9% mass resolution. Above 30 GeV, the cross section for $\psi$ production by virtual photons is found to rise less steeply with energy than predicted by a quantum chromodynamics calculation. Its dependence on $Q^2$ fits the vector-dominance form ${(1+\frac{Q^2}{M^2})}^{-2\mathrm{}}$ with $M=2.7\mathrm{}\pm 0.5$ GeV.

Yields have been measured with discrete $Z$ and $A$ resolution for Fe-like fragments produced in damped collisions between 8.3 MeV/amu ${}_{}{}^{56}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$ ions and ${}_{}{}^{56}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$, ${}_{}{}^{165}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ho}$, and ${}_{}{}^{209}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Bi}$ targets. Both the fragment $\frac{A}{Z}$ ratio and the relationship between the variances of the mass and charge distributions are found to depend upon the degree of energy damping. These observations are consistent with similar time scales for evolution of the nucleon-exchange process, $\frac{A}{Z}$ equilibration, and energy dissipation.

It is noted that, if ${\beta }_4$ deformations are included in the rigid asymmetric-rotor model of Davydov and Filippov, previously measured values of ${M_{02}}^2$, ${M_{{02}^{\prime }}}^2$, ${M_{{22}^{\prime }}}^2$, ${M_{22}}^2$, and ${M_{04}}^4 [{M_{\mathrm{rs}}}^{\lambda }=i^{\lambda }〈s\parallel M(E\lambda \left)\parallel \mathcal{r}〉\right]$, including their relative signs, may be simultaneously predicted for ${}_{}{}^{194}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pt}$.

Multiple satellites appear in absorption spectra on both components of the Cs $6s-9p$ doublet perturbed by xenon at densities of the order of ${10}^{19}$ atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^3$. The profiles of these perturbed lines computed with the Anderson-Talman theory, and the density dependence of the absorption at the multiple satellite frequencies, definitely identify the origin of the satellites as the combined additive effect of one to four perturbers.

In a stably stratified fluid layer there is a transition beyond which an oscillatory behavior appears. Using forced-Rayleigh-scattering spectroscopy, we found experimental evidence for the existence of propagating modes in agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Stochastic behavior of particle motions in an electrostatic standing wave is analyzed; its significance in supplementary heating of plasmas is discussed.

Toroidal plasma rotation, generated by toroidally unbalanced neutral-beam injection into the Princeton Large Torus, has been measured by Doppler shifts of several atomic spectral lines. These measurements produce the time evolution and spatial distribution of the rotation from which a momentum confinement time, comparable to the ion energy confinement time, is deduced.

Experimental and numerical results are compared with new theoretical results describing soliton propagation and deformation in a strongly magnetized, plasma-loaded waveguide.

The positions of quantized vortex lines in rotating superfluid helium have been recorded using a photographic technique. The photographs show stationary arrays of vortices. The observed patterns are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

We present direct evidence for the existence of the critical point in an acrylamide gel, the gel consisting of a covalently cross-linked polymer network immersed in an acetone-water mixture. We determined the spinodal line for the gel from the measurements of the scattered light intensity. The spinodal line has a maximum at $T=(10\mathrm{}\pm 1)°$C and a network volume concentration of (18±3)%. This corresponds to the critical point.

Measured angular distributions for ${\mathrm{O}}^{-}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{+}$ ejected by 1500-eV ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$-ion bombardment of chemisorbed oxygen on Cu(001) exhibit anisotropies which vary by greater than a factor of 2. Molecular-dynamics calculations of the ion-impact event agree well with experiment if the oxygen atom is placed in a fourfold coordination site 1.2-1.5 Å above the Cu(001) plane. Angle-resolved secondary-ion mass spectrometry is proposed as a powerful new method for the determination of adsorbate positions.