It is shown that nickel-phosphorus metallic glass alloys not only exhibit two distinct local structural configurations for a given composition, but also that the configuration can be selected by choosing the appropriate processing parameters. It is also shown that the structure exhibiting the greater Knight shift exhibits a discontinuous transformation to the structure with the lower Knight shift. Measurements have been extended to amorphous alloys containing up to 42 at.% phosphorus.

Molecule synthesis upon implantation of 1 to 4 keV/amu ions in thin silica films and silicate grains is studied. It is shown that carbon implantation leads to the preferential synthesis of C${\mathrm{O}}_2$ at low fluences, CO becoming the dominant species at high fluences. The overall efficiency of the synthesis is ∼60%. C${\mathrm{O}}_2$ synthesized by implantation of solar-wind ions is observed in lunar dust grains, and this process may have important astrophysical implications.

A powerful method is presented for solving systems of nonlinear equations such as those occurring in the Landau theory of phase transitions, in the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking, and in renormalization-group studies of critical phenomena. As an illustration a ferroelectric phase transition in perovskites is considered with the most general free energy of sixth degree. A special case is a fourth-degree potential which corresponds, e.g., to an SO(7), adjoint representation, Higgs problem.

Exact solutions to the Feigenbaum renormalization-group recursion relation, and the associated eigenvalue equations describing deterministic as well as stochastic perturbations, are found for the case of intermittency. These solutions are generated by a reformulation of the one-dimensional iterated map that exploits its topological equivalence to a translation. Direct resummation of series expansions gives the same results.

The products of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation at 29-GeV center-of-mass energy have been searched for free fractionally charged particles produced in exclusive two-body final states. No evidence for fractionally charged quarks was found and the upper limits on the ratio $R_{q\overline{q}}=\frac{{\sigma }_{q\overline{q}}}{{\sigma }_{\mu \overline{\mu }}}$ are below 1% for quarks with charges $\frac{1}{3}e$ or $\frac{2}{3}e$ and masses below about 14 GeV/${\mathit{c}}^2$. This is the first reported limit for charge $\frac{1}{3}e$ Long-lived fractionally charged leptons are definitely ruled out over a significant range of masses.

Masses of ground-state spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ baryons are calculated in a relativistic quark-diquark model with a potential motivated by QCD. The parameters of the model are determined by fitting vector-meson masses, and so the calculation for baryons contains no free parameters. Results are in rather good agreement with experiment. Moreover, starting from dynamical quark masses close to the so-called current masses, effective quark masses are obtained in the right range to be identified with constituent masses.

A search for nonperturbative effects in the structure functions of deep-inelastic scattering reveals substantial effects which could be due to important physical phenomena or to systematic errors in the experiments. In either case the measurements of ${\alpha }_s$ and $\Lambda$ are seriously jeopardized. $F_2\left(\mu N\right)$, $F_2\left(\nu N\right)$, and $x{F}_3\left(\nu N\right)$ are examined.

Experiments are proposed, using neutron interference, to test possible parity and time-reversal noninvariance effects in the interaction of the neutron with electromagnetic and gravitational fields, including detection of its electric and gravitational dipole moments. These experiments would also test special relativity and general relativity at the quantum mechanical level.

The cross section and branching ratio for ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}(\alpha , \gamma ){}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ have been measured from $E_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.\mathrm{}}=165\mathrm{} \mathrm{to} 1170$ keV by counting prompt $\gamma$ rays from a windowless, recirculating, ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ gas target. Absolute cross sections were also measured at $E_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.\mathrm{}}=945\mathrm{} \mathrm{and} 1250$ keV by measuring the ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ activity produced in a ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ gas cell with a Ni entrance foil. The inferred zero-energy intercept is $S_{34}\mathrm{}\left(0\right)=0.52\mathrm{}\pm 0.03$ keV b. The effect of this extrapolated value on the solar-neutrino problem is discussed.

The vector analyzing power ($i{T}_{11}$) in elastic $\pi -d_{\mathrm{pol}}$ scattering has been measured for several angles at $T_{\pi }=219, 256, 275, \mathrm{and} 294$ MeV. Strong oscillations are confirmed at 256 MeV. The data are compared with Faddeev calculations, alone and in combination with either of two resonances. At 219 MeV the Faddeev calculations are consistent with the data, while at the higher energies the general trend of the data favors the admixing of the ${}_{}{}^1{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{G}_4^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ dibaryon resonance. The forward-angle data at 294 MeV are not well described by any existing calculation.

With use of a Fano-effect polarized electron source and a state-selected thermally dissociated hydrogen beam, the interference between the direct and the exchange scattering amplitudes was measured for 90° elastic scattering of electrons from atomic hydrogen for energies between 4 and 30 eV.

The first variational Monte Carlo calculations of the ground-state energy of spin-aligned deuterium D↓ are presented. Using Slater-Jastrow trial wave functions, the calculations are based on the accurate theoretical pair potential of Kolos and Wolniewicz for the $b{{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\Sigma _{\mathrm{u}}^{}{}_{}{}^{}}^{+}$ state. For D↓ with equal population of the three nuclear-spin states, the minimum theoretical ground-state energy is found to be negative, implying that this system is a liquid at zero temperature under zero external pressure.

Ripple morphologies of submicrometer spatial period are observed on metal films grown by UV laser photolysis of adsorbed organometallic molecules. This structure develops from surface roughness by coupling of the incident UV field to a surface-plasma wave. The intensity variation due to interference between the incident laser field and the surface-plasma wave modulates the film growth rate which in turn enhances the scattering of the incident field into the surface-plasma wave; an exponentially growing instability results.

The recently observed onset of infrared dielectric anomalies in supercritical ($T>\mathrm{}1490\mathrm{}°$C, $\rho \sim 3$ g/${\mathrm{cm}}^3$) mercury gas are interpreted as consequences of a plasma phase in which thermally generated electrons stabilize high-density fluctuations in the gas. The stabilized fluctuations can be precursors of the insulator-metal transition which takes place at higher average density ($\rho \sim 9$ g/${\mathrm{cm}}^3$). A variational calculation is presented with results which are consistent with the above interpretation.

A three-peak analysis of Ni(111) photoelectron spectra, taken with high angular and energy resolution at 7.7 eV for $300 \mathrm{K}<~T<~1.25T_c$, is performed with the assumption of a temperature-independent exchange splitting and a many-body line shape. The intensity of the nonmagnetic peak between the two magnetic ones increases but its width decreases as $T_c$ is approached from below, while the intensity of the magnetic peaks decreases but remains finite. This strongly supports the notion that short-range magnetic order persists well above $T_c$.

A new method combining integrated optics and photon-correlation spectroscopy was developed to study dynamic behavior in thin films and at interfaces. As a first application, the lateral diffusion of rhodopsin, the visual protein in photoreceptor membrane, was studied.

The Onsager reciprocity theorem has been since its discovery in 1931 one of the most prominent successes of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Its interpretation and application suffer from several limiting assumptions made in its derivation. The most notable of these is the linear relation between the currents and the affinities. A generalization of the Onsager theorem has been obtained, which is comparatively free of ad hoc assumptions.

If the proton is considered to be infinitely massive, no bound state of a system made up of a positron and a hydrogen atom can exist. In this Letter a new method is introduced for taking into account finite nuclear mass. By using this method it is shown that the inclusion of the finite mass of the proton does not result in the appearance of a bound state.

Quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of Turing machines are constructed here on a finite lattice of spin-½ systems. The models do not dissipate any energy and they operate at the quantum limit in that the system (energy uncertainty)/(computation speed) is close to the limit given by the time-energy uncertainty principle.

The branching fraction for the Cabibbo-suppressed decay ${\tau }^{-}\to K^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$ is measured from data obtained with the Mark II detector at SPEAR. Fifteen events containing a $K^{\pm }$ in coincidence with a muon or electron of opposite charge are observed. It is determined that $B({\tau }^{-}\to K^{-}{\nu }_{\tau })=(1.3\mathrm{}\pm 0.5)\%$.