Possible modes of nucleosynthesis involving nuclei with an extra quark have been considered. It is found that such nuclei can contribute significantly to stellar burning even at an abundance level of less than 1 nucleus with an extra quark in ${10}^{15}$ nuclei. Consideration of the beta-decay properties of nuclei with an extra quark also suggests that their contribution could solve the solar neutrino problem.

It is shown that a $d$-dimensional statistical system of a single U(1) variable, $\exp \left(i\varphi \right)$, whose Hamiltonian is invariant under the transformation $\varphi (x_1,\cdots ,x_d)\to \varphi (x_1,\cdots ,x_d)+\Lambda (x_3,\cdots ,x_d)$, with $\Lambda$ an arbitrary function, has no long-range order, so that $〈\exp \left(i\varphi \right)〉=0\mathrm{}$ for all nonzero temperatures. Moreover, the full planar symmetry reflected in the above transformation law is also unbroken for all $T>\mathrm{}0\mathrm{}$. When $d=2\mathrm{}$ the usual Mermin-Wagner result is recovered. Various extensions and physical implications of this theorem are briefly discussed.

A large-scale inhomogeneity of coherent axion field may exist in the early universe. This gives a spatially varying source of strong $\mathrm{CP}$ nonconservation and, when coupled to baryon-nonconserving interaction, may lead to generation of the isothermal perturbation of baryon density. A specific mechanism is presented, in which three-body decay of a heavy Majorana lepton gives the additional baryon generation.

The results of a high-statistics study of inclusive muon spectra at PETRA are reported. Improved mass limits have been obtained for heavy quarks, heavy leptons, and charged Higgs particles. It is shown that the fragmentation properties of $b$ quarks and $c$ quarks are different, with the mean fragmentation variables $〈z_b〉=0.75\mathrm{}\pm 0.03\pm 0.06$, $〈z_c〉=0.46\mathrm{}\pm 0.02\pm 0.05$ and the average semileptonic branching ratio for the $B$ and $C$ hadrons $R\mathrm{}\left(B\right)=(10.5\mathrm{}\pm 1.5\pm 1.3)\%$, $R\left(C\right)=(11.5\mathrm{}\pm 1.0\pm 1.7)\%$.

It is proposed that the intrinsic states in a well deformed nucleus may be described as those of a system of nonspherical bosons, each possessing quasispin 1, $\overline{p}$, or quasispin 0, $\overline{s}$. The model is tested by the experimental data with analytic expressions which have been derived for the bandheads and the $E2\mathrm{}$ transitions.

The crystal-blocking technique was used to measure the deexcitation times of the evaporation residues of 120-MeV ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ on ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$, emerging along the $〈110〉$ axis of a 12-μm-thick diamond crystal. The extracted times ranged from 4×${10}^{-19\mathrm{}}$ sec for Mg to 4×${10}^{-18\mathrm{}}$ sec for N, and they are consistent with statistical-model predictions.

The effects of diffusion, convection, and internal disruptions on impurity profile evolution in tokamaks are investigated by use of experimental measurements, numerical simulations, and a new analytic eigenfunction formalism for confinement times and profile shapes. Experimental observations on the Alcator-$C$ tokamak show that internal disruptions flatten radial profiles of impurity densities in the plasma core, and theoretical calculations indicate that periodic internal disruptions should significantly decrease impurity confinement times under some circumstances.

The Helios laser system has been used to deliver 2.3 kJ to the capped end of 0.75-mm-long, 130-μm-diam hollow rods of 5-μm wall thickness. Soft-x-ray pinhole pictures demonstrate the cylindrical implosion of these targets. The measured 130-eV core temperatures from the filtered pictures and the 7×${10}^6$-cm/s collapse velocity from optical streak photographs are consistent with heating by a 0.8×${10}^6$-A return current, representing the recycling of 15% of the hot-electron emission.

Three-wave-coupling interactions have been examined for a dissipative medium. It is shown that in the semicollisional regime, where the frequency of the low-frequency wave (${\omega }_3$) is smaller than the collision frequency $\nu$ that affects the weakly damped high-frequency waves (${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_2$), i.e., ${\omega }_1,{\omega }_2\gg \nu >{\omega }_3$, the thermal nonlinearity predominates and decay efficiencies in excess of that expected from the Manley-Rowe relations can be achieved. In addition, the pump threshold power for complete decay is substantially reduced.

The problem of minimizing the full cholesteric free energy in flat space is difficult since the bending and bulk energies favor different forms of the order parameter. It is shown, however, that the problem can be solved exactly on the surface of a sphere in four-space, where the curvature relieves the strains induced by the "double twist." The conventional Landau bulk free energy leads to a rigorously uniaxial structure. The model is also of interest as a simple and explicit example of the ideas underlying recent theories of glasses.

Two new effects specific to ferroelectric liquid crystals are described: (a) ferroelectric polar surface interactions and (2) spontaneous splay of the polarization. It is shown that a consequence of these effects is the possibility of first-order reorientation transitions induced by applied electric fields.

Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of a formate species on Cu(110) shows not only ${\nu }_s\left(\mathrm{COO}\right)$ and $\nu \left(\mathrm{CH}\right)$ stretching modes characteristic of a bridge species but also a combination band ${\nu }_a\left(\mathrm{COO}\right)+\delta \left(\mathrm{CH}\right)$. Both components of this band have dynamic dipoles parallel to the surface and are thus forbidden themselves. Adsorbate-adsorbate dynamic dipole interactions cause the frequency to shift downwards with increasing coverage. The high absorption cross section of the band is attributed to a Fermi resonance with $\nu \left(\mathrm{CH}\right)$.

A new technique enabled the authors to compress doubly polarized hydrogen by up to five orders of magnitude and study the sample in very small volumes at constant density up to 2×${10}^{18}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^3$. The first determination of the bulk three-body dipolar recombination rate was made, ${K_V}^{3\mathrm{b}}=4\mathrm{}\left(1\right)\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-39\mathrm{}}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^6$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. The authors also identified a new process, bulk electronic dipolar $b\to c$-state relaxation with rate constant ${G_V}^{\mathrm{bc}}\exp \left(2\mathrm{}{\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}\frac{B}{k_{\mathrm{B}}}T\right)=8\mathrm{}\left(4\right)\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-16\mathrm{}}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^3$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. Samples were very delicate and too rapid a compression could result in an explosion.

Three-body recombination in spin-polarized hydrogen has been observed. Doubly polarized hydrogen was compressed by a piston into a thin cell and the temperature and pressure were independently monitored. Measurements were carried out in the temperature range 0.3 to 0.45 K in a magnetic field of 8.0 T at densities up to 1.5×${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{-3\mathrm{}}$. The results are in good agreement with the theory of Kagan, Vartanyants and Shlyapnikov.

The theoretical second-sound damping in ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ II is too small in the background region by 40%. Viscous damping in the normal fluid is identified as the origin of the missing attenuation. Because of simple two-fluid kinematics, this damping grows below the $\lambda$ point as the superfluid density. The strength of the damping is determined by the coefficient of bulk viscosity, which is already known from the measured background first-sound damping above the $\lambda$ point.

Simulations of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida spin-glasses with Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya anisotropy show three resonance modes which are well described by the triad model. The behavior of the modes and the breakdown of this picture for large anisotropy are studied. A quantitative study is made of the relationship between the microscopic Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya pair anisotropy, $H_{\mathrm{DM}}$, and the macroscopic anisotropy parameter, $K$, including the effects of relaxation. It is found that the estimate of $K$ from microscopic parameters is still too high, even when corrected for relaxation.

The excitation spectrum of the incommensurate spin-density wave in chromium metal has been investigated by neutron scattering. It is found that the high-velocity mode originating from the magnetic satellite positions is not a simple spin wave but at low frequency is a longitudinal excitation. Additional excitation branches, which cross at the (100) position at a frequency corresponding to the "commensurate" feature seen in previous studies, were also observed.

The magnon spectrum characteristic of collective behavior in magnetic/nonmagnetic superlattices has been observed, and is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

Transmission and emission spectra of fast-diffusing nonequilibrium electron-hole plasmas in semiconductors are calculated with use of displaced Fermi distributions. The carrier drift significantly alters the plasma spectra and removes previously reported incomprehensible discrepancies between experimental and theoretical plasma parameters, indicating the necessity to reinterpret entirely the spectroscopic data from non-equilibrium plasmas.

The interaction of a light hydrogen isotope with a structural defect is traced by means of the temperature dependence of the muon Knight shift $K_{\mu }$ in the hcp metal Zn. A surprising result is the huge and negative $K_{\mu }$ (-520 ppm) at the defect site, probably a multivacancy cluster.