We discuss a way to measure the "six-quark" component in the deuteron from a comparison of the structure functions in $\mathrm{ep}$ and $\mathrm{ed}$ deep-inelastic scattering and the structure in $\nu p$ and $\overline{\nu }p$ scattering. Such a determination is obtained by looking at the deviation from 1 in the ratio $T=\frac{d\left(x\right)\mathrm{}\tilde{u}\mathrm{}\left(x\right)\mathrm{}}{u\left(x\right)\mathrm{}\tilde{d}\mathrm{}\left(x\right)\mathrm{}}$, where $u$ and $d$ are the quark distributions determined from $\nu p$ and $\overline{\nu }p$, and $\tilde{u}$ and $\tilde{d}$ are the effective quark distributions determined from $\mathrm{ep}$ and $\mathrm{ed}$ by neglect of coherent six-quark effects.

Angular distributions of differential cross sections were measured for the first time for pion absorption on a $T=1\mathrm{}$, $S=0\mathrm{}$ nucleon pair and for absorption on a $T=0\mathrm{}$, $S=1\mathrm{}$ pair in the ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ nucleus. A large isospin dependence is observed in the differential cross sections. The ratio of cross sections $\frac{\sigma \left({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}\right({\pi }^{+},2p\left)\right)}{\sigma \left({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}\right({\pi }^{-},pn\left)\right)}$ is 15.2±1.2. The results show evidence of an isoscalar component of the final state in the reaction ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}({\pi }^{-},pn)n$, which cannot be mediated by $\Delta$ resonance formation.

A generalized Fermi-Dirac distribution is derived and applied to charge-state distributions in single collisions between multiply charged ions and rare-gas atoms. It relates multiple electron loss in single-electron capture to multiple ionization in multiphoton absorption and discloses inner-shell vacancy formation in double- and triple-electron capture.

The orientation of angular momenta in the ground terms of ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$ atoms after the interaction of 350-keV ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}_{}^{+}{}_{}{}^{}$ ions with a solid surface at grazing incidence is investigated by a Zeeman quantum-beat technique. After the ion-solid interaction, a term-selective and highly polarized fast beam of nitrogen atoms is observed. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of a Pauli-principle-induced selective population.

The full quantum mechanical master equation for the laser is used to obtain the effect of quantum fluctuations on the Lorenz strange attractor. For small quantum fluctuations the strange attractor survices with a different topology. For larger quantum fluctuations the attractor disappears and is replaced by limit cycles or fixed points, depending on the strength of the fluctuations.

A new intense-beam free-electron laser experiment, operating as a short-pulse amplifier at 35 GHz, has demonstrated linear growth rates of 1.2 dB/cm, total gain of 50 dB, and coherent emission of 17 MW, corresponding to an experimental efficiency of greater than 3%.

Experimental observation of Langmuir-wave collapse in three dimensions is presented with regard to collapse rate and threshold. Collapse proceeds under its own trapped field even after the decoupling from the external driver.

We discuss the problem of existence of Langmuir solitons when the assumption of quasineutrality breaks down. For moving solitons a discrete spectrum of eigenvalues is found. The forms of the solitons are shown to be significantly different from those reported in previous finite-amplitude theories. The existence lines are presented for various Mach numbers and values of nonlinear frequency shift. The transition from standing to sonic Langmuir solitons is explained.

We consider iterating functions that consist of the identity map $\mathrm{}\left[f\right(x)=x]$ plus a random function. The random function in every iteration is different and has a mean value of zero. We investigate the behavior of the entire iterated function. It is demonstrated that there are three distinct classes of random functions that generate three "phases" of the iterated function. These phases show universal properties independent of the precise form of the added random function. The physical interpretation of the model in terms of aggregation is discussed and an application of the above ideas is made to the problem of particles in a random potential that is varying in space and time.

The anomalous temperature dependence of the impurity-induced far-infrared spectrum of KI: ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$ indicates that at least two energetically inequivalent elastic configurations are simultaneously available to the defect-lattice system.

Diffraction and coherent diffuse quasielastic scattering of neutrons have been used to investigate Frenkel disorder of the oxygen sublattice in single crystals of stoichiometric U${\mathrm{O}}_2$. Measurements were made up to 2900 K using a special high-temperature furnace. The results provide the first direct evidence for the occurrence of Frenkel disorder in U${\mathrm{O}}_2$ and enable estimates of the defect concentration and activation energy to be made.

In high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy on clean cleaved InSb(100) surfaces, coupled surface plasmon-phonon losses are studied as a function of primary energy $E_0$. The $E_0$ dependence of the relative intensities of the phononlike and plasmonlike losses shows the existence of a dead layer for surface plasmons of free electrons. Comparison of the spacecharge electron density with the bulk concentration indicates that the dead layer arises from a dynamical quenching of the plasmon amplitude rather than from a depletion of carriers due to band bending.

The valence-band discontinuity, $\Delta E_V$, and the Fermi-level position, $E_{\mathrm{F}}$, at GaAs-Ge(100) heterojunctions are investigated by synchrotron radiation photoemission for variations in GaAs surface As and ambient ${\mathrm{As}}_4$ during molecular-beam epitaxial growth. $E_{\mathrm{F}}$ can be varied by 0.35 eV at the interface, and its position is uncorrelated with the constant 0.46±0.05 eV measured for $\Delta E_V$. These results are not consistent with a defect model for heterojunction barrier heights.

This paper presents three two-dimensional integrable Hamiltonians, whose second invariant $I_2$ is rational or transcendental in momenta. A third invariant $I_3$ (canonically conjugate to $I_2$) is also found for them, and the motion of the particle explicitly solved. The original Painlevé test does not work very well for these models; however, expansions with four resonances are found in each case.

Transitions are considered which are effected by two simultaneous interaction mechanisms—one electromagnetic and the other nonelectromagnetic. The intent is to compare the effectiveness of plane-wave versus quasistatic electric fields. If most of the transition energy is electromagnetic, then low-frequency plane-wave and quasistatic electric fields are equivalent. If most of the transition energy is nonelectromagnetic, then plane-wave transitions are far more probable than quasistatic electric transitions.

An operational formula is derived for a positive phase-space distribution function in quantum mechanics. It is shown that this expression, which is based on a realistic detection mechanism, has many attractive features. The possibility of an application of such a probability distribution to a nonlinear wave mechanics is also briefly mentioned.

Starting with an expression for the fractal dimension $d_u$ of the unscreened perimeter of an arbitrary fractal of dimension $d_f$, there are derived for the random superconducting network the results $\tilde{s}=(2-d)+d_u$, from which follow ${\tilde{\varphi }}_s=d_u$ and $d_w=d-d_u$. Here $\tilde{s}$ is the conductivity exponent, ${\tilde{\varphi }}_s$ the conductance exponent, and $d_w$ the fractal dimension of a random walk on the network. For $d=2\mathrm{}$, these results differ from the Alexander-Orbach conjecture by 0.3%.

A new approach to left-right symmetric models is proposed, where the left-right discrete-symmetry- and $\mathrm{SU}{\mathrm{}\left(2\right)\mathrm{}}_R$-breaking scales are decoupled from each other. This changes the spectrum of physical Higgs bosons which leads to different patterns for gauge hierarchies in $\mathrm{SU}{\mathrm{}\left(2\right)\mathrm{}}_L\otimes \mathrm{SU}{\mathrm{}\left(2\right)\mathrm{}}_R\otimes \mathrm{SU}{\mathrm{}\left(4\right)\mathrm{}}_C$ and SO(10) models. Most interesting are two SO(10) symmetry-breaking chains with an intermediate $\mathrm{U}{\mathrm{}\left(1\right)\mathrm{}}_R$ symmetry. These are such as to provide new motivation to search for $\Delta B=2\mathrm{}$ and right-handed current effects at low energies.

Parity-nonconserving asymmetries appear in the angular distribution of the charged leptons from the decay of $W$ bosons produced with high transverse momentum in hadron colliders. Absorptive parts of the amplitudes which produce the nonvanishing asymmetry are calculated in the one-loop order. The asymmetries grow rapidly with the $W$ transverse momentum $q_T$ and reach a 5% level at $q_T\sim 20$ GeV. Measurements of the sign of the asymmetries will distinguish clearly between $V-A$ and $V+A$ couplings without polarization experiments.

It is found that at available $Q^2$ the calculable perturbative contributions to the pion electric form factor $F_{\pi }\left(Q^2\right)$ and the nucleon magnetic form factors $G_M^N\left(Q^2\right)$ are much smaller than the data, which can probably be explained by soft contributions. Both hard and soft effects are estimated from light-cone/infinite-momentum-frame wave functions suggested by quark models, but the main conclusions have a more general validity.