In this Letter, we propose reactoscope, a novel experimental setup for axionlike particle (ALP) searches. Nuclear reactors produce a copious number of photons, a fraction of which could convert into ALPs via Primakoff process in the reactor core. The generated flux of ALPs leaves the nuclear power plant and its passage through a region with a strong magnetic field results in the efficient conversion to photons that can be detected. Such magnetic field is the key component of axion haloscope experiments. Adjacent nuclear reactor and axion haloscope experiments exist in Grenoble, France. There, the Institut Laue-Langevin research reactor is situated only $\sim 700\mathrm{m}$ from GrAHal, the axion haloscope platform designed to offer several volume and magnetic field (up to 43 T) configurations. We derive sensitivity projections for photophilic ALP searches with the institute and GrAHal, and also scrutinize analogous realizations, such as the one comprising the Axion Solar Telescope experiment at CERN and the Bugey nuclear power plant. The results that we obtain complement and extend the reach of existing laboratory experiments, e.g., the light-shining-through-walls experiment. While the derived sensitivities are not competitive when compared to the astrophysical limits, our analysis is free from the assumptions associated with those limits.

We present lattice-QCD results for the electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron including both quark-connected and -disconnected contributions. The parametrization of the $Q^2$ dependence of the form factors is combined with the extrapolation to the physical point. In this way, we determine the electric and magnetic radii and the magnetic moments of the proton and neutron. For the proton, we obtain at the physical pion mass and in the continuum and infinite-volume limit $\sqrt{⟨r_E^2{⟩}^p}=0.820(14)\mathrm{fm}$, $\sqrt{⟨r_M^2{⟩}^p}=0.8111(89)\mathrm{fm}$, and ${\mu }_M^p=2.739(66)$, where the errors include all systematics.

We theoretically construct a higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) on a Brillouin real projective plane enabled by momentum-space nonsymmorphic ($\mathbf{k}-\mathrm{NS}$) symmetries from synthetic gauge fields. Two anicommutative $\mathbf{k}-\mathrm{NS}$ glide reflections appear in a checkerboard ${\mathbf{Z}}_2$ flux model, impose nonsymmorphic constraints on Berry curvature, and quantize bulk and Wannier-sector polarization nonlocally across different momenta. The model’s bulk exhibits an isotropic quadrupole phase diagram, where the transition appears intrinsically from bulk gap closure. The model hosts the simultaneous presence of intrinsic and extrinsic HOTI features: in a ribbon geometry where one pair of boundaries gets open, the edge termination can induce boundary-obstructed topological phase within the symmetry-protected topological phase due to the breaking of $\mathbf{k}-\mathrm{NS}$ symmetry. At last, we present a concrete design for the real projective plane quadrupole insulator and show how to measure the momentum glide reflection based on acoustic resonator arrays. Our results shed light on HOTIs on deformed Brillouin manifolds via $\mathbf{k}-\mathrm{NS}$ symmetries.

We propose a simple dissipative system with purely cubic defocusing nonlinearity and nonuniform linear gain that can support stable localized dissipative vortex solitons with high topological charges without the utilization of competing nonlinearities and nonlinear gain or losses. Localization of such solitons is achieved due to an intriguing mechanism when defocusing nonlinearity stimulates energy flow from the ringlike region with linear gain to the periphery of the medium where energy is absorbed due to linear background losses. Vortex solitons bifurcate from linear gain-guided vortical modes with eigenvalues depending on topological charges that become purely real only at specific gain amplitudes. Increasing gain amplitude leads to transverse expansion of vortex solitons, but simultaneously it usually also leads to stability enhancement. Increasing background losses allows creation of stable vortex solitons with high topological charges that are usually prone to instabilities in conservative and dissipative systems. Propagation of the perturbed unstable vortex solitons in this system reveals unusual dynamical regimes, when instead of decay or breakup, the initial state transforms into stable vortex solitons with lower or sometimes even with higher topological charge. Our results suggest an efficient mechanism for the formation of nonlinear excited vortex-carrying states with suppressed destructive azimuthal modulational instabilities in a simple setting relevant to a wide class of systems, including polaritonic systems, structured microcavities, and lasers.

The microscopic stress field inhomogeneity in the interfacial region adjacent to the liquid surface is the fundamental origin of the liquid surface tension, but because of broadening due to capillary fluctuations, a detailed molecular level understanding of the stress field remains elusive. In this work, we deconvolute the capillary fluctuations to reveal the intrinsic stress field and show that the atomic-level contributions to the surface tension are similar in functional form across a variety of monatomic systems. These contributions are confined to an interfacial region approximately $1.5\pm 0.1$ times the particle diameter for all systems studied. In addition, the intrinsic density and stress profiles show a strong spatial correlation that should be useful in the development of a statistical mechanical theory for the prediction of surface stress and surface tension.

We present a new approach that demonstrates the deflection and guiding of relativistic electron beams over curved paths by means of the magnetic field generated in a plasma-discharge capillary. We experimentally prove that the guiding is much less affected by the beam chromatic dispersion with respect to a conventional bending magnet and, with the support of numerical simulations, we show that it can even be made dispersionless by employing larger discharge currents. This proof-of-principle experiment extends the use of plasma-based devices, that revolutionized the field of particle accelerators enabling the generation of GeV beams in few centimeters. Compared to state-of-the-art technology based on conventional bending magnets and quadrupole lenses, these results provide a compact and affordable solution for the development of next-generation tabletop facilities.

Polarization of drift-Alfvén waves, defined as the ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic fluctuations, has remained unmeasurable in fusion plasmas for decades, despite its pivotal role in understanding wave dynamics and their impact on plasmas. We report the first measurements of drift-Alfvén wave polarization in a hot, magnetically confined plasma. The breakthrough is enabled by a novel methodology developed from gyrokinetic theory, utilizing fluctuations of electron temperature and density. Analysis of data from the DIII-D tokamak reveals that the waves above the geodesic acoustic mode frequency exhibit dominant electromagnetic polarization, whereas lower-frequency waves show a mix of electromagnetic and electrostatic polarization, indicating a strong coupling between shear Alfvén waves and drift-acoustic waves.

Correlated electron systems may give rise to multiple effective interactions whose combined impact on quasiparticle properties can be difficult to disentangle. We introduce an unambiguous decomposition of the electronic self-energy which allows us to quantify the contributions of various effective interactions simultaneously. We use this tool to revisit the hole-doped Hubbard model within the dynamical cluster approximation, where commonly spin fluctuations are considered to be the origin of the pseudogap. While our fluctuation decomposition confirms that spin fluctuations indeed suppress antinodal electronic spectral weight, we show that they alone cannot capture the pseudogap self-energy quantitatively. Nonlocal multiboson Feynman diagrams yield substantial contributions and are needed for a quantitative description of the pseudogap.

Using spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance in the model transverse field Ising system ${\mathrm{TmVO}}_4$, we show that low frequency quantum fluctuations at the quantum critical point have a very different effect on ${}^{51}\mathrm{V}$ nuclear spins than classical low-frequency noise or fluctuations that arise at a finite temperature critical point. Spin echoes filter out the low-frequency classical noise but not the quantum fluctuations. This allows us to directly visualize the quantum critical fan and demonstrate the persistence of quantum fluctuations at the critical coupling strength in ${\mathrm{TmVO}}_4$ to high temperatures in an experiment that remains transparent to finite temperature classical phase transitions. These results show that while dynamical decoupling schemes can be quite effective in eliminating classical noise in a qubit, a quantum critical environment may lead to rapid entanglement and decoherence.

Hybrid elastic and spin waves hold promises for energy-efficient and versatile generation and detection of magnetic signals, with potentially long coherence times. Here we report on the combined elastic and magnetic dynamics in a one-dimensional magnetomechanical crystal composed of an array of magnetic nanostripes. Phononic and magnonic modes are impulsively excited by an optical ultrafast trigger and their decay is monitored by time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. Complementary Brillouin light scattering measurements and micromagnetic simulations concur in a unified picture, in which the strength and degree of mixing of coherent and dissipative coupling of the quasiparticles are determined quantitatively.

Recent advances in electron microscopy trigger the question of whether attosecond electron diffraction can resolve atomic-scale electron dynamics in crystalline materials in space and time. Here, we explore the ultrafast dynamics of the relevant electron-lattice scattering process. We drive a single-crystalline silicon membrane with the optical cycles of near-infrared laser light and use phase-locked attosecond electron pulses to produce electron diffraction patterns as a function of delay. For all Bragg spots, we observe time-dependent intensity changes and position shifts that are correlated with a time shift of $0.5–1.2\mathrm{fs}$. For single-cycle excitation pulses with strong peak intensity, the correlations become nonlinear. The origins of these effects are local and integrated beam deflections by the optical electric and magnetic fields at the crystal membrane. Those deflections modify the diffraction intensities in addition to the atomic structure factor dynamics by time-dependent rocking-curve effects. However, the measured time delays and symmetries allow one to disentangle both effects. Future attosecond electron diffraction and microscopy experiments need to be based on these results.

Objective Eulerian coherent structures (OECSs) and instantaneous Lyapunov exponents (iLEs) govern short-term material transport in fluid flows as Lagrangian coherent structures and the finite-time Lyapunov exponent do over longer times. Attracting OECSs and iLEs reveal short-time attractors and are computable from the Eulerian rate-of-strain tensor. Here, we devise for the first time an optimal control strategy to create short-time attractors in compressible, viscosity-dominated active nematic flows. By modulating the active stress intensity, our framework achieves a target profile of the minimum eigenvalue of the rate-of-strain tensor, controlling the location and shape of short-time attractors. We show that our optimal control strategy effectively achieves desired short-time attractors while rejecting disturbances. Combining optimal control and coherent structures, our work offers a new perspective to steer material transport in compressible active nematics, with applications to morphogenesis and synthetic active matter.

Sleep is characterized by nonrapid eye movement sleep, originating from widespread neuronal synchrony, and rapid eye movement sleep, with neuronal desynchronization akin to waking behavior. While these were thought to be global brain states, recent research suggests otherwise. Using time-frequency analysis of mesoscopic voltage-sensitive dye recordings of mice in a urethane-anesthetized model of sleep, we find transient neural desynchronization occurring heterogeneously across the cortex within a background of synchronized neural activity, in a manner reminiscent of a critical spreading process and indicative of an “edge-of-synchronization” phase transition.

The amplituhedron provides, via geometric means, the all-loop integrand of scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. Unfortunately, dimensional regularization, used conventionally for integration, breaks the beautiful geometric picture. This motivates us to propose a “deformed” amplituhedron. Focusing on the four-particle amplitude, we introduce two deformation parameters, which can be interpreted as particle masses. We provide evidence that the mass pattern corresponds to a specific choice of vacuum expectation values on the Coulomb branch. The deformed amplitude is infrared finite, making the answer well defined in four dimensions. Leveraging four-dimensional integration techniques based on differential equations, we compute the amplitude up to two loops. In the limit where the deformation parameters are taken to zero, we recover the known Bern-Dixon-Smirnov amplitude. In the limit where only one deformation parameter is taken to zero, we find a connection to the angle-dependent cusp anomalous dimension.

We show that the same QCD formalism that accounts for the suppression of high-$p_T$ hadron and jet spectra in heavy-ion collisions predicts medium-enhanced production of $c\overline{c}$ pairs in jets. We demonstrate that this phenomenon, which cannot be accessed by traditional jet-quenching observables, can be directly observed using $D^0{\overline{D}}^0$-tagged jets in nuclear collisions.

We propose a universal spin superconducting diode effect (SDE) induced by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in systems with spin-triplet correlations, where the critical spin supercurrents in opposite directions are unequal. By analysis from both the Ginzburg-Landau theory and energy band analysis, we show that the spin-$\uparrow \uparrow$ and spin-$\downarrow \downarrow$ Cooper pairs possess opposite phase gradients and opposite momenta from the SOC, which leads to the spin SDE. Two superconductors with SOC, a $p$-wave superconductor as a toy model and a practical superconducting nanowire, are numerically studied and they both exhibit spin SDE. In addition, our theory also provides a unified picture for both spin and charge SDEs.