Atom interferometery is an exquisite measurement technique sensitive to inertial forces. However, it is commonly limited to a single sensitive axis, allowing high-precision multidimensional sensing only through subsequent or postcorrected measurements. We report on a novel method for multi-axis inertial sensing based on the correlation of simultaneous light-pulse atom interferometers in 2D array arrangements of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). Deploying a scalable $3\times 3$ BEC array spanning $1.6\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{m}}^2$ created using time-averaged optical potentials, we perform measurements of linear acceleration induced by gravity and simultaneously demonstrate sensitivity to angular velocity and acceleration of a rotating reference mirror, as well as gravity gradients and higher-order derivatives. Our Letter enables simple, high-precision multi-axis inertial sensing compatible with high rotation rates, e.g., for inertial navigation in dynamic environments. We finally envision further applications of our method, e.g., 3D in situ measurements and reconstruction of laser beam intensities and wave fronts.

Chiral edge states are a hallmark of topological physics, and the emergence of synthetic dimensions has provided ideal platforms for investigating chiral topology while overcoming the limitations of real space. Conventional studies have primarily concentrated on symmetric chiral behaviors, limited by complex and inflexible systems. Here, we demonstrate a programmable integrated photonic platform to generate and manipulate reconfigurable chiral edge states in synthetic dimensions within a single lithium niobate microring resonator. Our system is realized by integrating independent frequency and pseudospin degrees of freedom in the dynamically modulated resonator, which features tunable artificial gauge potentials and long-range couplings. We demonstrate a variety of reconfigurable chiral behaviors in synthetic dimensions, including the realization and frustration of chiral edge states in a synthetic Hall ladder, the generation of imbalanced chiral edge currents, and the regulation of chiral behaviors among chirality, single-pseudospin enhancement, and complete suppression. This work paves the way for exploring chiral edge states in high-dimensional synthetic space on a programmable photonic chip, showing promising potential for applications in optical communications, quantum simulations, signal processing, and photonic neuromorphic computing.

In this Letter, we propose a rigorous concept based on the Onsager reciprocal theorem to describe the thermal transport behaviors in superionic crystals. Our results show that thermal energy in superionic crystals can be transferred through the conduction of atomic vibrations, the enthalpy diffusion caused by ions’ diffusion and the thermodiffusion coupling. The thermal conductivity resulting from the heat conduction pathway decreases with temperature as scatterings among vibrations and between vibrations and ions become stronger. However, the thermal conductivity due to enthalpy diffusion increases with temperature, which is because ions diffuse farther at high temperatures. The thermal conductivity owing to the thermodiffusion coupling is negligible since the chemical potential gradient under steady state is small. The apparent thermal conductivity of superionic crystals is therefore determined by the competition between these two thermal pathways, and can exhibit a diverse behavior of negative, weak, and positive temperature dependence as observed in experiments. This Letter unveils the thermal transport mechanisms in superionic crystals, which explains the long-standing and confusing thermal conductivity temperature dependence of superionic crystals.

Quantum oscillations (QOs) in metals refer to the periodic variation of thermodynamic and transport properties as a function of inverse applied magnetic field. QO frequencies are normally associated with semiclassical trajectories of Fermi surface orbits, but recent experiments challenge the canonical description. We develop a theory of composite frequency quantum oscillations (CFQOs) in two-dimensional Fermi liquids with several Fermi surfaces and interband scattering mediated by a dynamical boson, e.g., phonons or spin fluctuations. Specifically, we show that CFQOs arise from oscillations in the fermionic self-energy with anomalous frequency splitting and distinct strongly non-Lifshitz–Kosevich temperature dependences. Our theory goes beyond the framework of semiclassical Fermi surface trajectories highlighting the role of interaction effects. We provide experimental predictions and discuss the effect of nonequilibrium boson occupation in driven systems.

Charge-spin conversion phenomena, such as the spin Hall effect, allow for the excitation of magnons in a magnetic layer by passing an electric current in an adjacent nonmagnetic conductor. We demonstrate that this current-induced modification of the magnon density generates an additional nonlinear longitudinal and transverse magnetoresistance for every magnetoresistance that depends on the magnetization. Using harmonic measurements, we evidence that these magnon creation-annihilation magnetoresistances dominate the second harmonic longitudinal and transverse resistance of thin ${\mathrm{Y}}_3{\text{Fe}}_5{\mathrm{O}}_{12}/\mathrm{Pt}$ bilayers. Our results apply to both insulating and metallic magnetic layers, elucidating the dependence of the magnetoresistance on applied current and magnetic field for a broad variety of systems excited by spin currents.

Collective nuclear spin excitations, called nuclear spin waves, or nuclear magnons, are enabled in strongly magnetic materials by the hyperfine coupling between the nuclear and electronic spins in an atom, and the exchange interaction between electronic spins. The investigation of nuclear spin waves garnered significant interest from theoretical and experimental researchers worldwide during the 1970s and 1980s, but gradually waned in prominence. Recently, it has been reported that the nuclear magnetic resonance in the canted antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{MnCO}}_3$ produces spin pumping effects similar to the ones studied in ferro- and antiferromagnetic materials, bridging two quite separate worlds, the one of nuclear spin excitations and the other of spintronics. In this Letter, we report the observation of giant nuclear-electronic spin pumping effects driven by radio frequencies in the Heisenberg antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{RbMnF}}_3$. In this material, the small values of the electronic magnon frequencies in the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic or spin-flop transition result in an enhanced frequency pulling of the nuclear magnetic resonance frequencies that produces a strong coupling between the nuclear and electronic spin degrees of freedom. This results in nuclear-electronic spin pumping signals in the Heisenberg antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{RbMnF}}_3$ that are almost 2 orders of magnitude larger than in ${\mathrm{MnCO}}_3$ and remain visible at temperatures nearly 10 times higher. A theory for the nuclear-electronic spin pumping process accounts well for the experimental results.

Many dynamical systems operate in a fluctuating environment. However, even in low-dimensional setups, transitions and bifurcations have not yet been fully understood. In this Letter we focus on crises, a sudden flooding of the phase space due to the crossing of the boundary of the basin of attraction. We find that crises occur also in nonautonomous systems although the underlying mechanism is more complex. We show that in the vicinity of the transition, the escape probability scales as $\exp [-\alpha (\ln \delta {)}^2]$, where $\delta$ is the distance from the critical point, while $\alpha$ is a model-dependent parameter. This prediction is tested and verified in a few different systems, including the Kuramoto model with inertia, where the crisis controls the loss of stability of a chimera state.

Hydrogels are swollen polymer networks where elastic deformation is coupled to nanoscale fluid flow. As a consequence, hydrogels can withstand large strains and exhibit nonlinear, hyperelastic properties. Previous studies have shown that low-modulus hydrogels and semiflexible biopolymer networks universally contract when sheared on timescales much longer than the poroelastic relaxation timescale. Using rheological and tribological measurements, we find that stiff polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid hydrogels, with moduli of order $\sim 10–100\mathrm{kPa}$, exclusively swell (dilate) when sheared. Poroelastic relaxation was examined using strain-controlled compression, indicating a volumetric diffusion constant of order ${10}^{-9}{\mathrm{m}}^2/\mathrm{s}$. Upon shearing, we observed an increase in normal stress that varied quadratically with shear strain, which persisted for hours. Moreover, we show that this dilatant behavior manifests as swelling during tribological sliding, imbibing the hydrogel with fluid. We suggest that this inherent, hyperelastic dilatancy is an important feature in all stiff hydrogels, and may explain rehydration and mechanical rejuvenation in biological tissues such as cartilage.

Gaussian boson sampling is a promising method for experimental demonstrations of quantum advantage because it is easier to implement than other comparable schemes. While most of the properties of Gaussian boson sampling are understood to the same degree as for these other schemes, we understand relatively little about the statistical properties of its output distribution. The most relevant statistical property, from the perspective of demonstrating quantum advantage, is the “anticoncentration” of the output distribution as measured by its second moment. The degree of anticoncentration features in arguments for the complexity-theoretic hardness of Gaussian boson sampling. In this Letter, we develop a graph-theoretic framework for analyzing the moments of the Gaussian boson sampling distribution. Using this framework, we show that Gaussian boson sampling undergoes a transition in anticoncentration as a function of the number of modes that are initially squeezed compared to the number of photons measured at the end of the circuit. When the number of initially squeezed modes scales sufficiently slowly with the number of photons, there is a lack of anticoncentration. However, if the number of initially squeezed modes scales quickly enough, the output probabilities anticoncentrate weakly.

Recent photoemission experiments on the quasi-one-dimensional Ba-based cuprates suggest that doped holes experience an attractive potential not captured using the simple Hubbard model. This observation has garnered significant attention due to its potential relevance to Cooper pair formation in high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductors. To scrutinize this assertion, we examined signatures of such an attractive potential in doped 1D cuprates ${\mathrm{Ba}}_2{\mathrm{CuO}}_{3+\delta }$ by measuring the dispersion of the 2-spinon excitations using Cu $L_3$-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). Upon doping, the 2-spinon excitations appear to weaken, with a shift of the minimal position corresponding to the nesting vector of the Fermi points, $q_F$. Notably, we find that the energy scale of the 2-spinons near the Brillouin zone boundary is substantially softened compared to that predicted by the Hubbard model in one dimension. Such a discrepancy implies missing ingredients, which lends support for the presence of an additional attractive potential between holes.

We investigate the monitored quantum dynamics of Gaussian mixed states and derive the universal Fokker-Planck equations that govern the stochastic time evolution of entire density-matrix spectra, obtaining their exact solutions. From these equations, we reveal an even-odd effect in purification dynamics: whereas entropy exhibits exponential decay for an even number $N$ of complex fermions, algebraic decay with divergent purification time occurs for odd $N$ as a manifestation of dynamical criticality. Additionally, we identify the universal fluctuations of entropy in the chaotic regime, serving as a nonunitary counterpart of the universal conductance fluctuations in mesoscopic electronic transport phenomena. Furthermore, we elucidate and classify the universality classes of nonunitary quantum dynamics based on fundamental symmetry. We also validate the universality of these analytical results through extensive numerical simulations across different types of models.

The eigenstates of a chaotic system can be enhanced along underlying unstable periodic orbits in so-called quantum scars, making it more likely for a particle launched along one such orbits to be found still there at long times. Unstable periodic orbits are, however, a negligible part of the phase space, and a question arises regarding the structure of the wave function elsewhere. Here, we address this question and show that a weakly dispersing dynamics of a localized wave packet in phase space leaves a “quantum trail” on the eigenstates, that is, makes them vary slowly when moving along trajectories in phase space, even if not periodic. The quantum trails underpin a remarkable dynamical effect: for a system initialized in a localized wave packet, the long-time phase-space distribution is enhanced along the short-time trajectory, which can result in ergodicity breaking. We provide the general intuition for these effects and prove them in the stadium billiard, for which an unwarping procedure allows us to visualize the phase space on the two-dimensional space of the page.

In this Letter, we advocate a set of novel azimuthal-angle-related observables associated with exclusive hadron production from two-photon fusion at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders, taking the $\gamma \gamma \to \pi \pi$ as a benchmark process. As a direct consequence of the linearly polarized quasireal photons emitted off the electron and positron beams, the $\cos 2\varphi$ azimuthal asymmetry in dipion production is predicted within the transverse-momentum-dependent factorization framework. In numerical analysis, we take the helicity amplitudes of $\gamma \gamma \to \pi \pi$ determined from the partial wave solutions in dispersion relation as input, and find that the predicted $\cos 2\varphi$ azimuthal modulation may reach 40% for the typical kinematical setup of Belle 2 and BESIII experiments. Future accurate measurement of this azimuthal asymmetry may facilitate the direct extraction of the relative phase between two helicity amplitudes with photon helicity configurations $++$ and $+-$. This knowledge provides a valuable input for the dispersive determination of the hadronic light-by-light contributions.

We analyze the phases of theories having a microscopic ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ 1-form symmetry, starting with a topological BF theory and deforming it so that only the microscopic symmetry is preserved. These theories have a well-defined notion of confinement, prototypical examples being pure $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ and ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ gauge theories in the continuum and on the lattice. Our analysis shows that the generic phases are in $d=2$, only the confined phase; in $d=3$, both the confined phase and the topological BF phase; and in $d=4$, the confined phase, the topological BF phase, and a Coulomb phase. We construct a ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ lattice gauge theory with a deformation that, surprisingly, produces up to ($N-1$) photons. We give an interpretation of these findings in terms of the behaviors of two competing drivers of confinement—magnetic monopoles and center vortices—and conclude that proliferation of center vortices is necessary but insufficient for confinement, while proliferation of magnetic monopoles is both necessary and sufficient.