Colloidal Janus spheres in water (one hemisphere attractive and the other repulsive) assemble into two-dimensional hexagonal crystals with orientational order controlled by anisotropic interactions. We exploit the decoupled translational and rotational order to quantify the orientational dynamics. Via imaging experiments and Monte Carlo simulations we demonstrate that the correlations in the orientation of individual Janus spheres exhibit glasslike dynamics that can be controlled via the ionic strength. Thus, these colloidal building blocks provide a particularly suitable model glass system for elucidating nontrivial dynamics arising from directional interactions, not captured by the consideration of just translational order.

We use colloidal suspensions encapsulated in emulsion droplets to model confined glass-forming liquids with tunable boundary mobility. We show that the dynamics in these idealized systems are governed by physical interactions with the boundary. Gradients in dynamics are present for more mobile boundaries, whereas for less mobile boundaries, gradients are almost entirely suppressed. The motions in a system are not isotropic but have a strong directional dependence with respect to the boundary. These findings bring into question the ability of conventional quantities to adequately describe confined glasses.

We consider a universal relation between moment of inertia and quadrupole moment of arbitrarily fast rotating neutron stars. Recent studies suggest that this relation breaks down for fast rotation. We find that it is still universal among various suggested equations of state for constant values of certain dimensionless parameters characterizing the magnitude of rotation. One of these parameters includes the neutron star radius, leading to a new universal relation expressing the radius through the mass, frequency, and spin parameter. This can become a powerful tool for radius measurements.

We show that gauge invariant quantum link models, Abelian and non-Abelian, can be exactly described in terms of tensor networks states. Quantum link models represent an ideal bridge between high-energy and cold atom physics, as they can be used in cold atoms in optical lattices to study lattice gauge theories. In this framework, we characterize the phase diagram of a $(1+1)\mathrm{D}$ quantum link version of the Schwinger model in an external classical background electric field: the quantum phase transition from a charge and parity ordered phase with nonzero electric flux to a disordered one with a net zero electric flux configuration is described by the Ising universality class.

Exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements of quasifree polarized $\overrightarrow{n}p$ scattering have been performed in the energy region of the narrow resonancelike structure $d^{*}$ with $I(J^P)=0(3^{+})$, $M\approx 2380\mathrm{MeV}$, and $\mathrm{\Gamma }\approx 70\mathrm{MeV}$ observed recently in the double-pionic fusion channels $pn\to d{\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ and $pn\to d{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$. The experiment was carried out with the WASA detector setup at COSY having a polarized deuteron beam impinged on the hydrogen pellet target and utilizing the quasifree process $\overrightarrow{d}p\to np+p_{\text{spectator}}$. This allowed the $np$ analyzing power, $A_y$, to be measured over a broad angular range. The obtained $A_y$ angular distributions deviate systematically from the current SAID SP07 NN partial-wave solution. Incorporating the new $A_y$ data into the SAID analysis produces a pole in the ${}^3{D}_3-{}^3{G}_3$ waves in support of the $d^{*}$ resonance hypothesis.

Cavity optomechanics is showing promise for studying quantum mechanics in large systems. However, the smallness of the radiation-pressure coupling is a serious hindrance. Here we show how the charge tuning of the Josephson inductance in a single-Cooper-pair transistor can be exploited to arrange a strong radiation-pressure-type coupling $g_0$ between mechanical and microwave resonators. In a certain limit of parameters, such a coupling can also be seen as a qubit-mediated coupling of two resonators. We show that this scheme allows reaching extremely high $g_0$. Contrary to the recent proposals for exploiting the nonlinearity of a large radiation-pressure coupling, the main nonlinearity in this setup originates from a cross-Kerr type of coupling between the resonators, where the cavity refractive index depends on the phonon number. The presence of this coupling will allow accessing the individual phonon numbers via the measurement of the cavity.

Waves traveling through random media exhibit random focusing that leads to extremely high wave intensities even in the absence of nonlinearities. Although such extreme events are present in a wide variety of physical systems and the statistics of the highest waves is important for their analysis and forecast, it remains poorly understood, in particular, in the regime where the waves are highest. We suggest a new approach that greatly simplifies the mathematical analysis and calculate the scaling and the distribution of the highest waves valid for a wide range of parameters.

We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that, by injecting common broadband optical noise into two uncoupled lasers, the phases of the respective laser oscillations can be successfully synchronized. Experimental observation of the resulting phase dynamics is achieved using a heterodyne detection method. The present phase synchronization differs from the synchronization induced by coherent light signals or narrow band optical noise in the sense that it occurs without any frequency locking to the injection light. Moreover, it is revealed that there is an optimal intensity of the injection light that maximizes the quality of the phase synchronization. These results can open new perspectives for understanding and functional utilization of the laser phase dynamics.

Hybrid-kinetic numerical simulations of firehose and mirror instabilities in a collisionless plasma are performed in which pressure anisotropy is driven as the magnetic field is changed by a persistent linear shear $S$. For a decreasing field, it is found that mostly oblique firehose fluctuations grow at ion Larmor scales and saturate with energies $\propto S^{1/2}$; the pressure anisotropy is pinned at the stability threshold by particle scattering off microscale fluctuations. In contrast, nonlinear mirror fluctuations are large compared to the ion Larmor scale and grow secularly in time; marginality is maintained by an increasing population of resonant particles trapped in magnetic mirrors. After one shear time, saturated order-unity magnetic mirrors are formed and particles scatter off their sharp edges. Both instabilities drive sub-ion-Larmor–scale fluctuations, which appear to be kinetic-Alfvén-wave turbulence. Our results impact theories of momentum and heat transport in astrophysical and space plasmas, in which the stretching of a magnetic field by shear is a generic process.

We have prepared high-quality epitaxial thin films of ${\mathrm{CaRuO}}_3$ with residual resistivity ratios up to 55. Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in the magnetoresistance and a $T^2$ temperature dependence in the electrical resistivity only below 1.5 K, the coefficient of which is substantially suppressed in large magnetic fields, establish ${\mathrm{CaRuO}}_3$ as a Fermi liquid (FL) with an anomalously low coherence scale. At $T>1.5\mathrm{K}$ non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior is found in the electrical resistivity. The high sample quality allows access to the intrinsic electronic properties via THz spectroscopy. For frequencies below 0.6 THz, the conductivity is Drude-like and can be modeled by FL concepts; for higher frequencies, non-Drude behavior is found, which is inconsistent with FL predictions. This establishes ${\mathrm{CaRuO}}_3$ as a prime example of optical NFL behavior in the THz range.

We present an analytic theory of quantum criticality in the quasi-one-dimensional topological Anderson insulators of class AIII and BDI. We describe the systems in terms of two parameters ($g$, $\chi$) representing localization and topological properties, respectively. Surfaces of half-integer valued $\chi$ define phase boundaries between distinct topological sectors. Upon increasing system size, the two parameters exhibit flow similar to the celebrated two-parameter flow describing the class $A$ quantum Hall insulator. However, unlike the quantum Hall system, an exact analytical description of the entire phase diagram can be given. We check the quantitative validity of our theory by comparison to numerical transfer matrix computations.

We show that pulsatory patterns arise in thin active films in which two chemical species regulate active stress. The regulating species diffuse within the film and are advected by self-generated flows resulting from active stress gradients. Spontaneous pulsatory patterns emerge when the following conditions are met: (i) the fast-diffusing species up-regulates and the slow-diffusing species down-regulates active stress, or (ii) the active stress up-regulator turns over faster compared to the active stress down-regulator. Our study, motivated by pulsatory patterns in the actomyosin cortex in cells and tissues, provides a simple generic mechanism for oscillatory patterns in active fluids.

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a form of quantum nonlocality exhibiting an inherent asymmetry between the observers, Alice and Bob. A natural question is then whether there exist entangled states which are one-way steerable, that is, Alice can steer Bob’s state, but it is impossible for Bob to steer the state of Alice. So far, such a phenomenon has been demonstrated for continuous variable systems, but with a strong restriction on allowed measurements, namely, considering only Gaussian measurements. Here we present a simple class of entangled two-qubit states which are one-way steerable, considering arbitrary projective measurements. This shows that the nonlocal properties of entangled states can be fundamentally asymmetrical.

We present a weak measurement protocol that permits a sensitive estimation of angular rotations based on the concept of weak-value amplification. The shift in the state of a pointer, in both angular position and the conjugate orbital angular momentum bases, is used to estimate angular rotations. This is done by an amplification of both the real and imaginary parts of the weak-value of a polarization operator that has been coupled to the pointer, which is a spatial mode, via a spin-orbit coupling. Our experiment demonstrates the first realization of weak-value amplification in the azimuthal degree of freedom. We have achieved effective amplification factors as large as 100, providing a sensitivity that is on par with more complicated methods that employ quantum states of light or extremely large values of orbital angular momentum.

We propose the implementation of a digital quantum simulator for prototypical spin models in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture. We consider the feasibility of the quantum simulation of Heisenberg and frustrated Ising models in transmon qubits coupled to coplanar waveguide microwave resonators. Furthermore, we analyze the time evolution of these models and compare the ideal spin dynamics with a realistic version of the proposed quantum simulator. Finally, we discuss the key steps for developing a toolbox of digital quantum simulators in superconducting circuits.

Using mode-coupling theory and dynamical Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the scaling behavor of the dynamical structure function of a two-species asymmetric simple exclusion process, consisting of two coupled single-lane asymmetric simple exclusion processes. We demonstrate the appearance of a superdiffusive mode with dynamical exponent $z=5/3$ in the density fluctuations, along with a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang mode with $z=3/2$; we argue that this phenomenon is generic for short-ranged driven diffusive systems with more than one conserved density. When the dynamics is symmetric under the interchange of the two lanes, a diffusive mode with $z=2$ appears instead of the non-Kardar-Parisi-Zhang superdiffusive mode.

First observations of the decays ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{D}_{(s)}^{-}$ are reported using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ collected at 7 and 8 TeV center-of-mass energies in proton-proton collisions with the LHCb detector. In addition, the most precise measurement of the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0\to D^{+}{D}_s^{-})$ is made and a search is performed for the decays $B_{(s)}^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{-}$. The results obtained are $$\begin{gathered} \mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{D}^{-})/\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{D}_s^{-})=0.042\pm 0.003(\text{stat)}\pm 0.003(\text{syst}), \\ \left[\frac{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{D}_s^{-})}{\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{+}{D}_s^{-})}\right]/\left[\frac{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{\pi }^{-})}{\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{+}{\pi }^{-})}\right]=0.96\pm 0.02(\text{stat)}\pm 0.06(\text{syst)}, \\ \mathcal{B}(B_s^0\to D^{+}{D}_s^{-})/\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{+}{D}_s^{-})=0.038\pm 0.004(\text{stat)}\pm 0.003(\text{syst)}, \\ \mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{-})/\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{+}{D}_s^{-})<0.0022[95\%\mathrm{C}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{.}], \\ \mathcal{B}(B_s^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{-})/\mathcal{B}(B_s^0\to D^{+}{D}_s^{-})<0.30[95\%\mathrm{C}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{.}]. \end{gathered}$$Measurement of the mass of the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0$ baryon relative to the ${\overline{B}}^0$ meson gives $M({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0)-M({\overline{B}}^0)=339.72\pm 0.24(\text{stat})\pm 0.18(\text{syst)}\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$. This result provides the most precise measurement of the mass of the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0$ baryon to date.