We evaluate the impact of recent developments in hadron phenomenology on extracting possible fundamental tensor interactions beyond the standard model. We show that a novel class of observables, including the chiral-odd generalized parton distributions, and the transversity parton distribution function can contribute to the constraints on this quantity. Experimental extractions of the tensor hadronic matrix elements, if sufficiently precise, will provide a, so far, absent testing ground for lattice QCD calculations.

We study dynamical phases of a driven Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to the light field of a high-$Q$ optical cavity. For high field seeking atoms at red detuning the system is known to show a transition from a spatially homogeneous steady state to a self-ordered regular lattice exhibiting superradiant scattering into the cavity. For blue atom pump detuning the particles are repelled from the maxima of the light-induced optical potential suppressing scattering. We show that this generates a new dynamical instability of the self-ordered phase, leading to the appearance of self-ordered stable limit cycles characterized by large amplitude self-sustained oscillations of both the condensate density and cavity field. The limit cycles evolve into chaotic behavior by period doubling. Large amplitude oscillations of the condensate are accompanied by phase slippage through soliton nucleation at a rate that increases in the chaotic regime. Different from a superfluid in a closed setup, this driven dissipative superfluid is not destroyed by the proliferation of solitons since kinetic energy is removed through cavity losses.

We investigate the theoretical problem of the photoelectron cutoff change in periodical structures induced by an infrared laser field. We use a one-dimensional Kronig-Penney potential including a finite number of wells, and the analysis is fulfilled by resolving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The electron spectra, calculated for an increasing number of wells, clearly show that a plateau quickly appears as the periodic nature of the potential builds up, even at a moderate intensity ($10\mathrm{TW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^2$). Varying the intensity from 10 to $30\mathrm{TW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ we observe a net increase of both the yield and accessible energy range of the ionization spectrum. In order to gain insight into the dynamics of the system at these intensities, we use an analytical approach, based on exact solutions of the full Hamiltonian in a periodic potential. We show that the population transfers efficiently from lower to upper bands when the Bloch and laser frequencies become comparable. The model leads to a quantitative prediction of the intensity range where ionization enters the nonperturbative regime. Moreover, it reveals the physics underlying the increase of the photoelectron energy cutoff at moderate intensities, as observed experimentally.

We propose a scheme to measure the frequency-resolved local particle and hole spectra of any optical lattice-confined system of correlated ultracold atoms that offers single-site addressing and imaging, which is now an experimental reality. Combining perturbation theory and time-dependent density matrix renormalization group simulations, we quantitatively test and validate this approach of lattice-assisted spectroscopy on several one-dimensional example systems, such as the superfluid and Mott insulator, with and without a parabolic trap, and finally on edge states of the bosonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. We highlight extensions of our basic scheme to obtain an even wider variety of interesting and important frequency resolved spectra.

The question of whether glass continues to relax at low temperature is of fundamental and practical interest. Here, we report a novel atomistic simulation method allowing us to directly access the long-term dynamics of glass relaxation at room temperature. We find that the potential energy relaxation follows a stretched exponential decay, with a stretching exponent $\beta =3/5$, as predicted by Phillips’s diffusion-trap model. Interestingly, volume relaxation is also found. However, it is not correlated to the energy relaxation, but it is rather a manifestation of the mixed alkali effect.

We propose a light-induced spin Hall effect for interlayer exciton gas in monolayer ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_2\text{−}{\mathrm{WSe}}_2$ van der Waals heterostructure. By applying two infrared, spatially varying laser beams coupled to the exciton internal states, a spin-dependent gauge potential on the exciton center-of-mass motion is induced. This gauge potential deflects excitons in different spin states towards opposite directions, leading to a finite spin current but vanishing mass current. In the Hall bar geometry, the spin-dependent deflection gives rise to spin-dependent chiral edge states with spin-velocity locking. The spin current and chiral edge states of the excitons can be detected by spatially resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy.

It is well known that the low-energy sector of quantum spin liquids and other magnetically disordered systems is governed by short-ranged resonating-valence bonds. Here we show that the standard minimal truncation to the nearest-neighbor valence-bond basis fails completely even for systems where it should work the most, according to received wisdom. This paradigm shift is demonstrated for the quantum spin-$1/2$ square kagome, where strong geometric frustration, similar to the kagome, prevents magnetic ordering down to zero temperature. The shortest tunneling events bear the strongest longer-range singlet fluctuations, leading to amplitudes that do not drop exponentially with the length of the loop $L$, and to an unexpected loop-six valence-bond crystal, which is otherwise very high in energy at the minimal truncation level. The low-energy effective description gives in addition a clear example of correlated loop processes that depend not only on the type of the loop but also on its lattice embedding, a direct manifestation of the long-range nature of the virtual singlets.

The chain-folding mechanism and structure of semicrystalline polymers have long been controversial. Solid-state NMR was applied to determine the chain trajectory of ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ ${\mathrm{CH}}_3$-labeled isotactic poly(1-butene) ($i\mathrm{PB}1$) in form III chiral single crystals blended with nonlabeled $i\mathrm{PB}1$ crystallized in dilute solutions under low supercooling. An advanced ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}\text{−}{}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ double-quantum NMR technique probing the spatial proximity pattern of labeled ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ nuclei revealed that the chains adopt a three-dimensional (3D) conformation in single crystals. The determined results indicate a two-step crystallization process of (i) cluster formation via self-folding in the precrystallization stage and (ii) deposition of the nanoclusters as a building block at the growth front in single crystals.

We present the first search for $CPT$-violating effects in the mixing of $B_s^0$ mesons using the full Run II data set with an integrated luminosity of $10.4{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of proton-antiproton collisions collected using the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We measure the $CPT$-violating asymmetry in the decay $B_s^0\to {\mu }^{\pm }{D}_s^{\pm }$ as a function of celestial direction and sidereal phase. We find no evidence for $CPT$-violating effects and place limits on the direction and magnitude of flavor-dependent $CPT$- and Lorentz-invariance violating coupling coefficients. We find 95% confidence intervals of $\mathrm{\Delta }{a}_{\perp }<1.2\times {10}^{-12}\mathrm{GeV}$ and $(-0.8<\mathrm{\Delta }{a}_T-0.396\mathrm{\Delta }{a}_Z<3.9)\times 10^{-13}\mathrm{GeV}$.

Models of supersymmetry with Dirac gauginos provide an attractive scenario for physics beyond the standard model. The “supersoft” radiative corrections and suppressed supersymmetry production at colliders provide for more natural theories and an understanding of why no new states have been seen. Unfortunately, these models are handicapped by a tachyon which is naturally present in existing models of Dirac gauginos. We argue that this tachyon is absent, with the phenomenological successes of the model preserved, if the right-handed gaugino is a (pseudo-)Goldstone field of a spontaneously broken anomalous flavor symmetry.

We report thermoelectric power experiments in $e$-doped thin films of ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_3$ (STO) which demonstrate that the electronic band degeneracy can be lifted through defect management during growth. We show that even small amounts of cationic vacancies, combined with epitaxial stress, produce a homogeneous tetragonal distortion of the films, resulting in a Kondo-like resistance upturn at low temperature, large anisotropic magnetoresistance, and nonlinear Hall effect. Ab initio calculations confirm a different occupation of each band depending on the degree of tetragonal distortion. The phenomenology reported in this Letter for tetragonally distorted $e$-doped STO thin films, is similar to that observed in ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_3/\mathrm{STO}$ interfaces and magnetic STO quantum wells.

We show that generic SU(2)-invariant random spin-1 chains have phases with an emergent SU(3) symmetry. We map out the full zero-temperature phase diagram and identify two different phases: (i) a conventional random-singlet phase (RSP) of strongly bound spin pairs [SU(3) “mesons”] and (ii) an unconventional RSP of bound SU(3) “baryons,” which are formed, in the great majority, by spin trios located at random positions. The emergent SU(3) symmetry dictates that susceptibilities and correlation functions of both dipolar and quadrupolar spin operators have the same asymptotic behavior.

Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) show great promise for applications in spin-based electronics, but in most cases continue to elude explanations of their magnetic behavior. Here, we combine quantitative x-ray spectroscopy and Anderson impurity model calculations to study ferromagnetic Fe-substituted ${\mathrm{In}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ films, and we identify a subset of Fe atoms adjacent to oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice which are responsible for the observed room temperature ferromagnetism. Using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, we map out the near gap electronic structure and provide further support for this conclusion. Serving as a concrete verification of recent theoretical results and indirect experimental evidence, these results solidify the role of impurity-vacancy coupling in oxide-based DMSs.

We develop a systematic perturbation theory for the quasiparticle properties of a single impurity immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Analytical results are derived for the impurity energy, effective mass, and residue to third order in the impurity-boson scattering length. The energy is shown to depend logarithmically on the scattering length to third order, whereas the residue and the effective mass are given by analytical power series. When the boson-boson scattering length equals the boson-impurity scattering length, the energy has the same structure as that of a weakly interacting Bose gas, including terms of the Lee-Huang-Yang and fourth order logarithmic form. Our results, which cannot be obtained within the canonical Fröhlich model of an impurity interacting with phonons, provide valuable benchmarks for many-body theories and for experiments.

The Sagnac effect enables interferometric measurements of rotation with high precision. Using matter waves instead of light promises resolution enhancement by orders of magnitude that scales with particle mass. So far, the paradigm for matter wave Sagnac interferometry relies on de Broglie waves and thus on free propagation of atoms either in free fall or within waveguides. However, the Sagnac effect can be expressed as a proper time difference experienced by two observers moving in opposite directions along closed paths and has indeed been measured with atomic clocks flown around Earth. Inspired by this, we investigate an interferometer comprised of a single atomic clock. The Sagnac effect manifests as a phase shift between trapped atoms in different internal states after transportation along closed paths in opposite directions, without any free propagation. With analytic models, we quantify limitations of the scheme arising from atomic dynamics and finite temperature. Furthermore, we suggest an implementation with previously demonstrated technology.

Indications of the ${\mathrm{Cu}}_2\mathrm{Zr}$ Laves phase are observed in MD simulations of amorphous ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{64}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{36}$ upon isothermal holding just above the glass transition temperature. The structural evolution towards ${\mathrm{Cu}}_2\mathrm{Zr}$ is accompanied by an increase in the fraction of Cu-centered icosahedra, which demonstrates that a large icosahedral fraction does not just indicate structural relaxation. The crystal-like regions generate an increase in strength and Young’s modulus, and a stronger localized shear band. A universal relation between the fraction of full icosahedra and their interconnectivity is found, and both can be modified simultaneously via changes of temperature or strain.

We show that a strongly interacting chain of Majorana zero modes exhibits a supersymmetric quantum critical point corresponding to the $c=\frac{7}{10}$ tricritical Ising model, which separates a critical phase in the Ising universality class from a supersymmetric massive phase. We verify our predictions with numerical density-matrix-renormalization-group computations and determine the consequences for tunneling experiments.