Volume 79, Issue 22

1 December 1997

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LETTERS

General Physics

Optimization by Thermal Cycling

A. Möbius, A. Neklioudov, A. Díaz-Sánchez, K. H. Hoffmann, A. Fachat, and M. Schreiber

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4297 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Gravitation and Astrophysics

Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays without Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Cutoff

V. Berezinsky, M. Kachelrieß, and A. Vilenkin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4302 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Galactic Confinement Time of Iron-Group Cosmic Rays Derived from the ${}^{54}M n$ Chronometer

K. Zaerpoor, Y. D. Chan, D. E. DiGregorio, M. R. Dragowsky, M. M. Hindi, M. C. P. Isaac, K. S. Krane, R. M. Larimer, A. O. Macchiavelli, R. W. Macleod, P. Miocinovic, and E. B. Norman

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4306 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Rotating Solitons and Nonrotating, Nonstatic Black Holes

O. Brodbeck, M. Heusler, N. Straumann, and M. Volkov

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4310 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Elementary Particles and Fields

Neutrino-Modulino Mixing

Karim Benakli and Alexei Yu. Smirnov

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4314 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Oblique $S$ and $T$ Parameters and Leptoquark Models of the HERA Events

E. Keith and Ernest Ma

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4318 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Search for Scalar Leptoquark Pairs Decaying to Electrons and Jets in $\bar{p} p$ Collisions

B. Abbott et al. (D0 Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4321 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Search for First Generation Leptoquark Pair Production in $p \bar{p}$ Collisions at $s} = 1.8 TeV$

F. Abe et al. (CDF Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4327 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

$B$ Decays Involving $η$ and $η^{'}$ in Light of the $B \to {K η}^{'}$ Process

Amol S. Dighe, Michael Gronau, and Jonathan L. Rosner

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4333 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

$N \to Δ$ Transition from Simultaneous Measurements of $p (\vec{γ}, π)$ and $p (\vec{γ}, γ)$

G. Blanpied et al. (The LEGS Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4337 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Nuclear Physics

Full $f$ - $p$ Shell Calculation of $^{51}$ Ca and $^{51}$ Sc

A. Novoselsky, M. Vallières, and O. La'adan

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4341 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

$Δ$ Resonance Production in ${}^{58}N i + C u$ Collisions at $E = 1.97 A GeV$

E. L. Hjort et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4345 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Mirror Symmetry Up to the Band Termination in $^{49} Mn$ and $^{49} Cr$

C. D. O'Leary, M. A. Bentley, D. E. Appelbe, D. M. Cullen, S. Ertürk, R. A. Bark, A. Maj, and T. Saitoh

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4349 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

High Accuracy Molecular Heats of Formation and Reaction Barriers: Essential Role of Electron Correlation

Jeffrey C. Grossman and Lubos Mitas

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4353 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Excess Quantum Noise due to Nonorthogonal Polarization Modes

A. M. van der Lee, N. J. van Druten, A. L. Mieremet, M. A. van Eijkelenborg, Å. M. Lindberg, M. P. van Exter, and J. P. Woerdman

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4357 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, Etc.

Geometry of Dynamics, Lyapunov Exponents, and Phase Transitions

Lando Caiani, Lapo Casetti, Cecilia Clementi, and Marco Pettini

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4361 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Breit-Wigner Width and Inverse Participation Ratio in Finite Interacting Fermi Systems

B. Georgeot and D. L. Shepelyansky

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4365 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Observation of Anomalous Transport of Strongly Multiple Scattered Light in Thin Disordered Slabs

Rik H. J. Kop, Pedro de Vries, Rudolf Sprik, and Ad Lagendijk

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4369 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Three-Dimensional Patterns in a Transient, Stratified Intrusion Flow

Wolfgang Schöpf and Olaf Stiller

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4373 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Intermittency in a Locally Forced Plane Couette Flow

S. Bottin, O. Dauchot, and F. Daviaud

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4377 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Observations of Surfactant Driven Instability in a Hele-Shaw Cell

C. K. Chan and N. Y. Liang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4381 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Coarsening of Heterogeneous Media: Application of Wavelets

Ali Reza Mehrabi and Muhammad Sahimi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4385 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Plasma and Beam Physics

Polarization of Parametric X Radiation

V. V. Morokhovskii, K. H. Schmidt, G. Buschhorn, J. Freudenberger, H. Genz, R. Kotthaus, A. Richter, M. Rzepka, and P. M. Weinmann

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4389 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Condensed Matter: Structure, Etc.

Inelastic Scattering in Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction from Si(111)

Bert Müller and Volkmar Zielasek

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4393 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Site-Specific Displacement of Si Adatoms on Si(111)- $(7 \times 7)$

B. C. Stipe, M. A. Rezaei, and W. Ho

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4397 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Monte Carlo Simulations of Stable Point Defects in Hybrid Nematic Films

C. Chiccoli, O. D. Lavrentovich, P. Pasini, and C. Zannoni

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4401 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

In Search of a Chiral Smectic Liquid-Crystal State with a Macroscopic Spontaneous Ferroelectric Polarization

P. Tolédano and A. M. Figueiredo Neto

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4405 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Pressure-Induced Concurrent Transformation to an Amorphous and Crystalline Phase in Berlinite-Type ${FePO}_{4}$

M. P. Pasternak, G. Kh. Rozenberg, A. P. Milner, M. Amanowicz, T. Zhou, U. Schwarz, K. Syassen, R. Dean Taylor, M. Hanfland, and K. Brister

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4409 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Unusual Strain Relaxation in Cu Thin Films on Ni(001)

Frank Berg Rasmussen, Jeff Baker, Mourits Nielsen, Robert Feidenhans'l, and Robert L. Johnson

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4413 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Hydrogen Inhibition of Exchange Diffusion on Pt(100)

G. L. Kellogg

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4417 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Adsorption and Diffusion of Si Atoms on the H-Terminated Si(001) Surface: Si Migration Assisted by H Mobility

Jun Nara, Taizo Sasaki, and Takahisa Ohno

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4421 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Adsorption and Diffusion of Si Adatom on Hydrogenated Si(100) Surfaces

Sukmin Jeong and Atsushi Oshiyama

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4425 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Quantum Scattering of Heavy Particles from a 10 K Cu(111) Surface

F. Althoff, T. Andersson, and S. Andersson

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4429 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Early Oxidation Stages of Mg(0001): A Density Functional Study

C. Bungaro, C. Noguera, P. Ballone, and W. Kress

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4433 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, Etc.

Towards a Field Theory of Fractional Quantum Hall States

R. Shankar and Ganpathy Murthy

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4437 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Adsorbate Reorganization at Steps: NO on Pd(211)

B. Hammer and J. K. Nørskov

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4441 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Intrinsic Photoconduction in PPV-Type Conjugated Polymers

S. Barth and H. Bässler

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4445 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Magnetization Instability in a Two-Dimensional System

A. J. Daneshvar, C. J. B. Ford, M. Y. Simmons, A. V. Khaetskii, A. R. Hamilton, M. Pepper, and D. A. Ritchie

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4449 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Carbon Nanotube “T Junctions”: Nanoscale Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Contact Devices

Madhu Menon and Deepak Srivastava

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4453 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Multiterminal Capacitance Tensor Elements of Composite Fermions and Anomalous Capacitance Peaks at Even Denominator Fillings

J. S. Moon, J. A. Simmons, J. L. Reno, and B. L. Johnson

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4457 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Josephson Current through Charge Density Waves

M. I. Visscher and B. Rejaei

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4461 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Photoemission above the Fermi Level: The Top of the Minority $d$ Band in Nickel

T. Greber, T. J. Kreutz, and J. Osterwalder

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4465 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

First- and Second-Order Transitions between Quantum and Classical Regimes for the Escape Rate of a Spin System

E. M. Chudnovsky and D. A. Garanin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4469 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Microscopic Structure of DX Centers in C $d_{0.8}$ Z $n_{0.2}$ Te:Cl

Y. Y. Shan, K. G. Lynn, Cs. Szeles, P. Asoka-Kumar, T. Thio, J. W. Bennett, C. B. Beling, S. Fung, and P. Becla

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4473 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Resonant Coherent Excitation of Fast Hydrogen Atoms in Front of a LiF(001) Surface

C. Auth, A. Mertens, H. Winter, A. G. Borisov, and F. J. García de Abajo

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4477 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Cross-Disciplinary Physics

Molecular Precursors in the Dissociative Adsorption of $O_{2}$ on Pt(111)

A. Eichler and J. Hafner

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4481 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Experimental Demonstration of a $W$ -Band Gyroklystron Amplifier

M. Blank, B. G. Danly, B. Levush, P. E. Latham, and D. E. Pershing

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4485 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Molecular Stick-Slip Motion Revealed by Opening DNA with Piconewton Forces

U. Bockelmann, B. Essevaz-Roulet, and F. Heslot

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4489 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Collective Dynamics in the Immune System Response

S. Succi, F. Castiglione, and M. Bernaschi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4493 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Mechanics of Microtubule-Based Membrane Extension

Deborah Kuchnir Fygenson, John F. Marko, and Albert Libchaber

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4497 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Long Memory Processes ( $1 / f^{α}$ Type) in Human Coordination

Yanqing Chen, Mingzhou Ding, and J. A. Scott Kelso

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4501 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Behaviors of Spike Output Jitter in the Integrate-and-Fire Model

Jianfeng Feng

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4505 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

COMMENTS

Mainz Measurement of the $E 2 / M 1$ Ratio in the $N - Δ$ Transition

R. M. Davidson and Nimai C. Mukhopadhyay

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4509 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Beck and Krahn Reply:

R. Beck and H.-P. Krahn

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4510 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

$E 2 / M 1$ Ratio from the Mainz $p (\vec{γ}, p) π^{0}$ Data

R. L. Workman

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4511 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Beck and Krahn Reply:

R. Beck and H.-P. Krahn

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4512 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Comment on “Quasiparticle Spectra around a Single Vortex in a $d$ -Wave Superconductor”

M. Franz and M. Ichioka

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4513 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Morita, Kohmoto, and Maki Reply:

Y. Morita, M. Kohmoto, and K. Maki

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4514 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

ERRATA

Novel Dopant Activation of Heavily Doped $p^{+} - Si$ by High Current Densities [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4926 (1996)]

J. S. Huang and K. N. Tu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4515 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Measurement of the $E 2 / M 1$ Ratio in the $N \to Δ$ Transition Using the Reaction $p (\vec{γ}, p) π^{0}$ [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 606 (1997)]

R. Beck, H. P. Krahn, J. Ahrens, H. J. Arends, G. Audit, A. Braghieri, N. d'Hose, S. J. Hall, V. Isbert, J. D. Kellie, I. J. D. MacGregor, P. Pedroni, T. Pinelli, G. Tamas, Th. Walcher, and S. Wartenberg

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4515 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997

Theory of Electric-Field Effects on Electron-Spin-Resonance Hyperfine Couplings [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 379 (1997)]

Shashi P. Karna

Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4516 (1997) - Published 1 December, 1997