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Isotensor πππ Scattering with a ρ-Resonant Subsystem from QCD

Raúl A. Briceño1,2,*, Maxwell T. Hansen3,†, Andrew W. Jackura4,‡, Robert G. Edwards5,§, and Christopher E. Thomas6,∥ (for the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration)

  • *Contact author: rbriceno@berkeley.edu
  • †Contact author: maxwell.hansen@ed.ac.uk
  • ‡Contact author: awjackura@wm.edu
  • §Contact author: edwards@jlab.org
  • ∥Contact author: c.e.thomas@damtp.cam.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 111901 – Published 8 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/yyfr-j1yl

Abstract

This Letter presents a lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) determination of πππ scattering amplitudes for the isospin-2 channel with angular momentum and parity JP=1+. The calculation is performed using unphysically heavy light-quark masses, corresponding to a pion mass of mπ≈400  MeV, for which the ρ meson manifests as a narrow resonance. The analysis employs a previously developed formalism that nonperturbatively relates the finite-volume spectra of two- and three-pion systems to their infinite-volume scattering amplitudes. We combine earlier lattice QCD results for ππ systems with isospins 1 and 2 with new determinations of the isospin-2 three-pion finite-volume spectrum, obtained for three cubic, periodic lattice volumes with box length ranging from ≈4/mπ to 6/mπ. These combined data constrain the low-lying partial waves of the infinite-volume three-pion K matrix, from which we solve a set of coupled integral equations to extract the corresponding scattering amplitudes.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 111901– Published 8 September, 2026
  • Received 18 November 2025
  • Revised 17 July 2026
  • Accepted 27 July 2026
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