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  • Open Access

Superradiant Phase Is a Finite Size Effect in Two-photon Processes

Fabrizio Ramírez1, David Villaseñor2,*, Nahum Vázquez1, and Jorge G. Hirsch1,†

  • 1Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-543, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
  • 2CAMTP-Center for Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Maribor, Mladinska 3, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia

  • *Contact author: d.v.pcf.cu@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: hirsch@nucleares.unam.mx
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 053603 – Published 28 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/syq9-z93n

Abstract

Two-photon light-matter interactions exhibit distinctive features such as spectral collapse. The two-photon Dicke model has been reported to exhibit a superradiant phase which could be useful in quantum applications. Here we show that this superradiant phase is not a genuine thermodynamic phase but a finite-size effect. Combining analytical and numerical analyses, we demonstrate that the superradiant region shrinks with increasing system size and disappears in the thermodynamic limit, while spectral collapse remains. Our results clarify the nature of superradiant conditions in two-photon systems and constrain its realization in quantum platforms.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 053603– Published 28 July, 2026
  • Received 26 January 2026
  • Accepted 25 June 2026
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