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Does Hot QCD Have a Conformal Manifold in the Chiral Limit?

Shi Chen* and Aleksey Cherman†

Robert D. Pisarski‡

  • *Contact author: s.chern.phys@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: acherman@umn.edu
  • ‡Contact author: pisarski@bnl.gov
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 061903 – Published 6 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nvtc-jw59

Abstract

Recent lattice evidence may suggest the chiral phase transition in QCD is second order for Nf≥2 massless flavors. We constrain conformal field theory (CFT) descriptions of a critical line in temperature T and imaginary baryon chemical potential θB=iμB/T. An ’t Hooft anomaly at general θB constrains the transition even at θB=0, leaving only three minimal scenarios. The best-motivated scenario for Nf≥3, and perhaps also Nf=2, is beyond Ginzburg-Landau, featuring a conformal manifold of θB-dependent universality classes with an exactly marginal operator related to baryon density.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 061903– Published 6 August, 2026
  • Received 15 April 2026
  • Revised 24 June 2026
  • Accepted 13 July 2026
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