- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Letters

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Editors' Suggestion
  • Open Access

Entangled States from Sparsely Coupled Spins for Metrology with Neutral Atoms

Sridevi Kuriyattil1,*, Pablo M. Poggi1, Jonathan D. Pritchard1, Johannes Kombe1, and Andrew J. Daley1,2

  • *Contact author: kuriyattil-sridevi@strath.ac.uk
PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 240801 – Published 20 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/h6sr-yxgw

Abstract

Quantum states featuring extensive multipartite entanglement are a resource for quantum-enhanced metrology, with sensitivity up to the Heisenberg limit. However, robust generation of these states using unitary dynamics typically requires all-to-all interactions among particles. Here, we demonstrate that optimal states for quantum sensing can be generated with sparse interaction graphs featuring only a logarithmic number of couplings per particle. We show that specific sparse graphs with long-range interactions can approximate the dynamics of all-to-all spin models, such as the one-axis twisting model, even for large system sizes. The resulting sparse coupling graphs and protocol can also be efficiently implemented using dynamic reconfiguration of atoms in optical tweezers.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (89)

  1. M. Kitagawa and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. A 47, 5138 (1993).
  2. D. J. Wineland, J. J. Bollinger, W. M. Itano, and D. J. Heinzen, Phys. Rev. A 50, 67 (1994).
  3. J. Ma, X. Wang, C. P. Sun, and F. Nori, Phys. Rep. 509, 89 (2011).
  4. D. J. Wineland, J. J. Bollinger, W. M. Itano, F. L. Moore, and D. J. Heinzen, Phys. Rev. A 46, R6797 (1992).
  5. B. Braverman, A. Kawasaki, E. Pedrozo-Peñafiel, S. Colombo, C. Shu, Z. Li, E. Mendez, M. Yamoah, L. Salvi, D. Akamatsu, Y. Xiao, and V. Vuletić, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 223203 (2019).
  6. J. Esteve, C. Gross, A. Weller, S. Giovanazzi, and M. K. Oberthaler, Nature (London) 455, 1216 (2008).
  7. C. Gross, T. Zibold, E. Nicklas, J. Esteve, and M. K. Oberthaler, Nature (London) 464, 1165 (2010).
  8. Z. Li, B. Braverman, S. Colombo, C. Shu, A. Kawasaki, A. F. Adiyatullin, E. Pedrozo-Peñafiel, E. Mendez, and V. Vuletić, PRX Quantum 3, 020308 (2022).
  9. S. Colombo, E. Pedrozo-Peñafiel, A. F. Adiyatullin et al., Nat. Phys. 18, 925 (2022).
  10. J. A. Hines, S. V. Rajagopal, G. L. Moreau, M. D. Wahrman, N. A. Lewis, O. Marković, and M. Schleier-Smith, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 063401 (2023).
  11. D. Bluvstein et al., Nature (London) 626, 58 (2023).
  12. D. Bluvstein, H. Levine, G. Semeghini, T. T. Wang, S. Ebadi, M. Kalinowski, A. Keesling, N. Maskara, H. Pichler, M. Greiner, V. Vuletić, and M. D. Lukin, Nature (London) 604, 451 (2022).
  13. Q. Xu, J. P. Bonilla Ataides, C. A. Pattison et al., Nat. Phys. 20, 1084 (2024).
  14. G. Bornet, G. Emperauger, C. Chen, B. Ye, M. Block, M. Bintz, J. A. Boyd, D. Barredo, T. Comparin, F. Mezzacapo, T. Roscilde, T. Lahaye, N. Y. Yao, and A. Browaeys, Nature (London) 621, 728 (2023).
  15. W. J. Eckner, N. Darkwah Oppong, A. Cao, A. W. Young, W. R. Milner, J. M. Robinson, J. Ye, and A. M. Kaufman, Nature (London) 621, 734 (2023).
  16. G. K. Brennen, C. M. Caves, P. S. Jessen, and I. H. Deutsch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1060 (1999).
  17. D. Jaksch, J. I. Cirac, P. Zoller, S. L. Rolston, R. Côté, and M. D. Lukin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2208 (2000).
  18. E. Brion, K. Mølmer, and M. Saffman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 260501 (2007).
  19. K. Mølmer, L. Isenhower, and M. Saffman, J. Phys. B 44, 184016 (2011).
  20. M. Saffman, J. Phys. B 49, 202001 (2016).
  21. D. S. Weiss and M. Saffman, Phys. Today 70, No. 7, 44 (2017).
  22. C. S. Adams, J. D. Pritchard, and J. P. Shaffer, J. Phys. B 53, 012002 (2019).
  23. L. Henriet, L. Beguin, A. Signoles, T. Lahaye, A. Browaeys, G.-O. Reymond, and C. Jurczak, Quantum 4, 327 (2020).
  24. H. Levine, A. Keesling, G. Semeghini, A. Omran, T. T. Wang, S. Ebadi, H. Bernien, M. Greiner, and V. Vuletic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 170503 (2019).
  25. I. Cong, H. Levine, A. Keesling, D. Bluvstein, S.-T. Wang, and M. D. Lukin, Phys. Rev. X 12, 021049 (2022).
  26. Y. Wu, S. Kolkowitz, S. Puri et al., Nat. Commun. 13, 4657 (2022).
  27. J. M. Auger, S. Bergamini, and D. E. Browne, Phys. Rev. A 96, 052320 (2017).
  28. S. Evered, D. Bluvstein, M. Kalinowski et al., Nature (London) 622, 268 (2023).
  29. B. Nikolov, E. Diamond-Hitchcock, J. Bass, N. L. R. Spong, and J. D. Pritchard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 030602 (2023).
  30. G. Pelegr, A. J. Daley, and J. D. Pritchard, Quantum Sci. Technol. 7, 045020 (2022).
  31. S. Jandura and G. Pupillo, Quantum 6, 712 (2022).
  32. A. Pagano, S. Weber, D. Jaschke, T. Pfau, F. Meinert, S. Montangero, and H. P. Büchler, Phys. Rev. Res. 4, 033019 (2022).
  33. C. Fromonteil, R. Tricarico, F. Cesa, and H. Pichler, Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 033333 (2024).
  34. H. Bernien, S. Schwartz, A. Keesling, H. Levine, A. Omran, H. Pichler, S. Choi, A. S. Zibrov, M. Endres, M. Greiner, V. Vuletić, and M. D. Lukin, Nature (London) 551, 579 (2017).
  35. A. Browaeys and T. Lahaye, Nat. Phys. 16, 132 (2020).
  36. A. Omran, H. Levine, A. Keesling, G. Semeghini, T. T. Wang, S. Ebadi, H. Bernien, A. S. Zibrov, H. Pichler, S. Choi, J. Cui, M. Rossignolo, P. Rembold, S. Montangero, T. Calarco, M. Endres, M. Greiner, V. Vuletić, and M. D. Lukin, Science 365, 570 (2019).
  37. R. Verresen, M. D. Lukin, and A. Vishwanath, Phys. Rev. X 11, 031005 (2021).
  38. G. Semeghini, H. Levine, A. Keesling, S. Ebadi, T. T. Wang, D. Bluvstein, R. Verresen, H. Pichler, M. Kalinowski, R. Samajdar, A. Omran, S. Sachdev, A. Vishwanath, M. Greiner, V. Vuletić, and M. D. Lukin, Science 374, 1242 (2021).
  39. H. Labuhn, D. Barredo, S. Ravets, S. de Léséleuc, T. Macrì, T. Lahaye, and A. Browaeys, Nature (London) 534, 667 (2016).
  40. S. L. Campbell, R. B. Hutson, G. E. Marti, A. Goban, N. D. Oppong, R. L. McNally, L. Sonderhouse, J. M. Robinson, W. Zhang, B. J. Bloom, and J. Ye, Science 358, 90 (2017).
  41. R. B. Hutson, A. Goban, G. E. Marti, L. Sonderhouse, C. Sanner, and J. Ye, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 123401 (2019).
  42. K. Beloy et al., Nature (London) 591, 564 (2021).
  43. G. Bornet, G. Emperauger, C. Chen, B. Ye, M. Block, M. Bintz, J. A. Boyd, D. Barredo, T. Comparin, F. Mezzacapo et al., Nature (London) 621, 728 (2023).
  44. T. Hashizume, G. S. Bentsen, S. Weber, and A. J. Daley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 200603 (2021).
  45. G. Bentsen, T. Hashizume, A. S. Buyskikh, E. J. Davis, A. J. Daley, S. S. Gubser, and M. Schleier-Smith, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 130601 (2019).
  46. S. S. Gubser, C. Jepsen, Z. Ji, and B. Trundy, Phys. Rev. D 98, 045009 (2018).
  47. S. S. Gubser, C. Jepsen, Z. Ji, and B. Trundy, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2019) 136.
  48. S. Kuriyattil, T. Hashizume, G. Bentsen, and A. J. Daley, PRX Quantum 4, 030325 (2023).
  49. T. Hashizume, S. Kuriyattil, A. J. Daley, and G. Bentsen, Symmetry 14, 666 (2022).
  50. A. Periwal, E. S. Cooper, P. Kunkel, J. F. Wienand, E. J. Davis, and M. Schleier-Smith, Nature (London) 600, 630 (2021).
  51. D. Barredo, S. de Léséleuc, V. Lienhard, T. Lahaye, and A. Browaeys, Science 354, 1021 (2016).
  52. H. Kim, W. Lee, H.-g. Lee, H. Jo, Y. Song, and J. Ahn, Nat. Commun. 7, 13317 (2016).
  53. M. Endres, H. Bernien, A. Keesling, H. Levine, E. R. Anschuetz, A. Krajenbrink, C. Senko, V. Vuletic, M. Greiner, and M. D. Lukin, Science 354, 1024 (2016).
  54. M. H. Muñoz-Arias, I. H. Deutsch, and P. M. Poggi, PRX Quantum 4, 020314 (2023).
  55. J. W. Britton, B. C. Sawyer, A. C. Keith, C.-C. J. Wang, J. K. Freericks, H. Uys, M. J. Biercuk, and J. J. Bollinger, Nature (London) 484, 489 (2012).
  56. J. G. Bohnet, B. C. Sawyer, J. W. Britton, M. L. Wall, A. M. Rey, M. Foss-Feig, and J. J. Bollinger, Science 352, 1297 (2016).
  57. E. J. Davis, G. Bentsen, L. Homeier, T. Li, and M. H. Schleier-Smith, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 010405 (2019).
  58. H. Ritsch, P. Domokos, F. Brennecke, and T. Esslinger, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 553 (2013).
  59. K. Baumann, C. Guerlin, F. Brennecke, and T. Esslinger, Nature (London) 464, 1301 (2010).
  60. M. A. Perlin, C. Qu, and A. M. Rey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 223401 (2020).
  61. M. Block, B. Ye, B. Roberts, S. Chern, W. Wu, Z. Wang, L. Pollet, E. J. Davis, B. I. Halperin, and N. Y. Yao, Nat. Phys. 20, 1575 (2024).
  62. L. Pezzè, A. Smerzi, M. K. Oberthaler, R. Schmied, and P. Treutlein, Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 035005 (2018).
  63. L. Pezzè and A. Smerzi, arXiv: Quantum Physics (2014), https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119223464.
  64. S. L. Braunstein and C. M. Caves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3439 (1994).
  65. M. G. A. Paris, Int. J. Quantum. Inform. 07, 125 (2009).
  66. G. Tóth and I. Apellaniz, J. Phys. A 47, 424006 (2014).
  67. C. W. Helstrom, J. Stat. Phys. 1, 231 (1969).
  68. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/h6sr-yxgw for supporting derivations, additional numerical simulations, and further details on the proposal for experimental implementation.
  69. S. R. White and A. E. Feiguin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 076401 (2004).
  70. A. J. Daley, C. Kollath, U. Schollwöck, and G. Vidal, J. Stat. Mech. (2004) P04005.
  71. U. Schollwöck, Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 326, 96 (2011).
  72. J. Haegeman, C. Lubich, I. Oseledets, B. Vandereycken, and F. Verstraete, Phys. Rev. B 94, 165116 (2016).
  73. M. Fishman, S. R. White, and E. M. Stoudenmire, SciPost Phys. Codebases 4 (2022).10.21468/SciPostPhysCodeb.4
  74. M. Fishman, S. R. White, and E. M. Stoudenmire, SciPost Phys. Codebases 4 (2022).10.21468/SciPostPhysCodeb.4-r0.3
  75. A. S. T. Pires, Theoretical Tools for Spin Models in Magnetic Systems (IOP Publishing, Bristol, 2021), pp. 2053–2563.
  76. D. D. Stancel and A. Prabhakar, Spin Waves: Theory and Applications (Springer, Berlin, 2009).
  77. C. Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids (Wiley, New York, 1963).
  78. D. Aldous and P. Diaconis, Am. Math. Mon. 93, 333 (1986).
  79. P. Diaconis, R. L. Graham, and W. M. Kantor, Adv. Appl. Math. 4, 175 (1983).
  80. M. Heyl, P. Hauke, and P. Zoller, Sci. Adv. 5, aau8342 (2019).
  81. K. Chinni, M. H. Muñoz-Arias, I. H. Deutsch, and P. M. Poggi, PRX Quantum 3, 010351 (2022).
  82. P. Hosur, X. L. Qi, D. A. Roberts, and B. Yoshida, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2016) 004.
  83. M. J. Gullans and D. A. Huse, Phys. Rev. X 10, 041020 (2020).
  84. A. Zabalo, M. J. Gullans, J. H. Wilson, S. Gopalakrishnan, D. A. Huse, and J. H. Pixley, Phys. Rev. B 101, 060301(R) (2020).
  85. A. Seshadri, V. Madhok, and A. Lakshminarayan, Phys. Rev. E 98, 052205 (2018).
  86. M. A. Norcia, A. W. Young, W. J. Eckner, E. Oelker, J. Ye, and A. M. Kaufman, Science 366, 93 (2019).
  87. I. S. Madjarov, A. Cooper, A. L. Shaw, J. P. Covey, V. Schkolnik, T. H. Yoon, J. R. Williams, and M. Endres, Phys. Rev. X 9, 041052 (2019).
  88. M. Cerezo, A. Arrasmith, R. Babbush, S. C. Benjamin, S. Endo, K. Fujii, J. R. McClean, K. Mitarai, X. Yuan, L. Cincio et al., Nat. Rev. Phys. 3, 625 (2021).
  89. 10.15129/fda72763-74f6-44db-9daf-ff5e28b6ee8e (2024).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 240801– Published 20 June, 2025
  • Received 13 January 2025
  • Accepted 2 June 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation