Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Nonlocal Symmetries of Planar Feynman Integrals

Florian Loebbert*, Lucas Rüenaufer†, and Sven F. Stawinski‡

  • *Contact author: loebbert@uni-bonn.de
  • †Contact author: lucas@rueenaufer.de
  • ‡Contact author: sstawins@uni-bonn.de

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151603 – Published 10 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fvzk-dp1b

Abstract

We prove the invariance of scalar Feynman graphs of any planar topology under the Yangian level-one momentum symmetry given certain constraints on the propagator powers. The proof relies on relating this symmetry to a planarized version of the conformal simplices of Bzowski, McFadden, and Skenderis. In particular, this proves a momentum-space analogue of the position-space conformal condition on propagator powers. When combined with the latter, the invariance under the level-one momentum implies full Yangian symmetry of the considered graphs. These include all scalar Feynman integrals for which a Yangian symmetry was previously demonstrated at the level of examples, e.g., the fishnet or loom graphs, as well as generalizations to graphs with massive propagators.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (37)

  1. Gerard ’t Hooft, A planar diagram theory for strong interactions, Nucl. Phys. B72, 461 (1974).
  2. Niklas Beisert et al., Review of AdS/CFT Integrability: An overview, Lett. Math. Phys. 99, 3 (2012).
  3. Stefan Weinzierl, Feynman Integrals. A Comprehensive Treatment for Students and Researchers, UNITEXT for Physics (Springer, New York, 2022).
  4. Gabriele Travaglini et al., The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes, J. Phys. A 55, 443001 (2022).
  5. Adam Bzowski, Paul McFadden, and Kostas Skenderis, Conformal n-point functions in momentum space, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 131602 (2020).
  6. Adam Bzowski, Paul McFadden, and Kostas Skenderis, Conformal correlators as simplex integrals in momentum space, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2021) 192.
  7. Vladimir Kazakov, Fedor Levkovich-Maslyuk, and Victor Mishnyakov, Integrable Feynman graphs and Yangian symmetry on the loom, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2025) 104.
  8. Fedor Levkovich-Maslyuk and Victor Mishnyakov, Yangian symmetry, GKZ equations and integrable Feynman graphs in conformal variables, arXiv:2412.19296.
  9. Dmitry Chicherin, Vladimir Kazakov, Florian Loebbert, Dennis Müller, and De-liang Zhong, Yangian Symmetry for bi-scalar loop amplitudes, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2018) 003.
  10. Dmitry Chicherin, Vladimir Kazakov, Florian Loebbert, Dennis Müller, and De-liang Zhong, Yangian symmetry for fishnet Feynman graphs, Phys. Rev. D 96, 121901(R) (2017).
  11. Florian Loebbert, Dennis Müller, and Hagen Münkler, Yangian bootstrap for conformal Feynman integrals, Phys. Rev. D 101, 066006 (2020).
  12. Florian Loebbert, Julian Miczajka, Dennis Müller, and Hagen Münkler, Massive conformal symmetry and integrability for Feynman integrals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 091602 (2020).
  13. Florian Loebbert and Harshad Mathur, The Feyn-structure of Yangian symmetry, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2025) 112.
  14. Ömer Gürdoğan and Vladimir Kazakov, New integrable 4D quantum field theories from strongly deformed planar N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 201602 (2016); 117, 259903(E) (2016).
  15. Vladimir Kazakov and Enrico Olivucci, Biscalar integrable conformal field theories in any dimension, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 131601 (2018).
  16. Florian Loebbert and Julian Miczajka, Massive fishnets, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2020) 197.
  17. Vladimir Kazakov and Enrico Olivucci, The loom for general fishnet CFTs, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2023) 041.
  18. Mikhail Alfimov, Gwenaël Ferrando, Vladimir Kazakov, and Enrico Olivucci, Checkerboard CFT, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2025) 015.
  19. Florian Loebbert, Lectures on Yangian symmetry, J. Phys. A 49, 323002 (2016).
  20. Florian Loebbert, Julian Miczajka, Dennis Müller, and Hagen Münkler, Yangian bootstrap for massive Feynman integrals, SciPost Phys. 11, 010 (2021).
  21. Luis F. Alday, Johannes M. Henn, Jan Plefka, and Theodor Schuster, Scattering into the fifth dimension of N=4 super Yang-Mills, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2010) 077.
  22. E. E. Boos and Andrei I. Davydychev, A method of the evaluation of the vertex type Feynman integrals, Moscow Univ. Phys. Bull. 42, 6 (1987), https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrei-Davydychev/publication/284462242_A_method_of_evaluation_of_vertex_type_Feynman_integrals/links/6579bd64fc4b416622c238e2/A-method-of-evaluation-of-vertex-type-Feynman-integrals.pdf?__cf_chl_tk=RybGRsHL8UCnNEbcYfbU4dXw30lX6nIMOOwmxImZHHI-1758207583-1.0.1.1-rKcxa4c2KDy7vIPDLudrj0uNDQp6Gt.66VpZMFTLOno.
  23. Claudio Coriano, Luigi Delle Rose, Emil Mottola, and Mirko Serino, Solving the conformal constraints for scalar operators in momentum space and the evaluation of Feynman’s master integrals, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2013) 011.
  24. Adam Bzowski, Paul McFadden, and Kostas Skenderis, Implications of conformal invariance in momentum space, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2014) 111.
  25. Claudio Corianò and Matteo Maria Maglio, On some hypergeometric solutions of the conformal ward identities of scalar 4-point functions in momentum space, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2019) 107.
  26. J. L. Bourjaily, Y. H. He, A. J. Mcleod, M. Von Hippel, and M. Wilhelm, Traintracks through Calabi-Yau manifolds: Scattering amplitudes beyond elliptic polylogarithms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 071603 (2018).
  27. Cristian Vergu and Matthias Volk, Traintrack Calabi-Yaus from twistor geometry, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2020) 160.
  28. Claude Duhr, Albrecht Klemm, Florian Loebbert, Christoph Nega, and Franziska Porkert, Yangian-invariant fishnet integrals in two dimensions as volumes of Calabi-Yau varieties, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 041602 (2023).
  29. Qu Cao, Song He, and Yichao Tang, Cutting the traintracks: Cauchy, Schubert and Calabi-Yau, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2023) 072.
  30. Andrew J. McLeod and Matt von Hippel, Traintracks all the way down, arXiv:2306.11780.
  31. Claude Duhr, Albrecht Klemm, Florian Loebbert, Christoph Nega, and Franziska Porkert, Geometry from integrability: Multi-leg fishnet integrals in two dimensions, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2024) 008.
  32. Gwenaël Ferrando, Florian Loebbert, Amelie Pitters, and Sven F. Stawinski, Hypergeometry from P^ symmetry: Feynman integrals in one and two dimensions, arXiv:2509.16305.
  33. Antonio Pittelli and Michelangelo Preti, Integrable fishnet from γ-deformed N=2 quivers, Phys. Lett. B 798, 134971 (2019).
  34. Moritz Kade and Matthias Staudacher, Brick wall diagrams as a completely integrable system, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2024) 050.
  35. Moritz Kade and Matthias Staudacher, Supersymmetric brick wall diagrams and the dynamical fishnet, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2025) 141.
  36. Moritz Kade, The three-dimensional N=2 superfishnet theory, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2025) 100.
  37. AB Zamolodchikov, Tetrahedra equations and integrable systems in three-dimensional space, Sov. Phys. JETP 52, 325 (1980), http://www.jetp.ras.ru/cgi-bin/dn/e_052_02_0325.pdf.

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation