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Ramanujan’s 1/π Series and Conformal Field Theories

Faizan Bhat1,* and Aninda Sinha1,2,†

  • *Contact author: faizanbhat@iisc.ac.in
  • †Contact author: asinha@iisc.ac.in
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 231602 – Published 2 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/c38g-fd2v

Abstract

In 1914, Ramanujan unveiled 17 extraordinary infinite series for 1/π. In this Letter, we uncover their physics origin by relating them to 2D logarithmic conformal field theories (LCFTs), which emerge in diverse settings such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, percolation, polymers, and even holography. Through this LCFT connection, we reinterpret such infinite series in terms of fundamental CFT data-the operator spectrum and OPE coefficients. This perspective leads to novel physics-inspired approximations for 1/π. Drawing lessons from Ramanujan’s formulas, we construct a new family of bases for expanding LCFT correlators that converge far more rapidly than the standard conformal block decomposition. This is achieved using recently developed stringy/parametric crossing-symmetric dispersion relations. Remarkably, when working with these new expansions, the action of a certain differential operator (which arises naturally from the Ramanujan connection) dramatically enhances convergence, with the entire contribution collapsing to that of the logarithmic identity operator. This striking simplification hints at a universal property of LCFTs. Finally, we discuss a new holographic interpretation of this unexpected mathematics-physics connection.

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References (44)

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 231602– Published 2 December, 2025
  • Received 10 April 2025
  • Revised 14 August 2025
  • Accepted 20 October 2025
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