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Anyonization of Bosons in One Dimension: An Effective Swap Model

Botao Wang1,2,*, Amit Vashisht1,2,†, Yanliang Guo3,4,‡, Sudipta Dhar3, Manuele Landini3, Hanns-Christoph Nägerl3, and Nathan Goldman1,2,5,§

  • *Contact author: botao.wang@ulb.be
  • †Contact author: amit.vashisht@ulb.be
  • ‡Contact author: yanliang.guo@uibk.ac.at
  • §Contact author: nathan.goldman@lkb.ens.fr
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 253403 – Published 17 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2np8-mp39

Abstract

Anyons emerge as elementary excitations in low-dimensional quantum systems and exhibit behavior distinct from bosons or fermions. In one dimension, anyons can arise from unconventional scattering processes or density-dependent hopping on a lattice. Here, we introduce a novel framework for realizing anyonic correlations using the internal degrees of freedom of a spinor quantum gas. We propose a “swap” model, which assigns a complex phase factor to the swapping processes between two different species, referred to as “host particles” and “impurities.” The anyonic characteristics are demonstrated through the one-body correlator of the impurity, using a spin-charge separation analysis. The impurity plays the role of both creating and directly probing the anyonic correlations in a quantum many-body system, which are not accessible in the conventional anyon-Hubbard model. For a single impurity, our framework can be effectively implemented by applying tilt potentials in a strongly interacting quantum gas [Dhar et al., Observing anyonization of bosons in a quantum gas, Nature (London) 642, 53 (2025).]. We further explore the dynamical properties of anyonic correlations and extend our analysis to the case of multiple impurities. Our Letter provides new avenues for engineering many-body anyonic behavior in quantum simulation platforms.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 253403– Published 17 December, 2025
  • Received 12 May 2025
  • Revised 31 October 2025
  • Accepted 13 November 2025
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