- Accepted Paper
Understanding the intermittency signal in RHIC-STAR data through modeling
Phys. Rev. C - Accepted 3 November, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/p5pl-g1qg
Phys. Rev. C - Accepted 3 November, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/p5pl-g1qg
Intermittency analysis provides a promising probe of scale-invariant density fluctuations near the QCD critical endpoint. The intermittency measurements reported in the STAR BES-I data call for a quantitative assessment of the signal strength and a clearer physical understanding of its collision-energy dependence. In this work, we perform such a study for the STAR measurements using an improved hybrid UrQMD+CMC model, in which critical-like fluctuations are embedded into a realistic non-critical background through event-level, particle-level, and combined replacement schemes. By directly comparing the second-order factorial moment between model calculations and experimental data on a point-by-point basis, we constrain the effective critical-like contribution compatible with the STAR measurements without relying on scaling exponents. The STAR data at – used for model comparison can be consistently described only by small and nearly energy-independent effective critical-like fractions. These results indicate that the intermittency signal observed in the BES-I data is weak and exhibits little collision-energy dependence, thereby favoring a limited critical-like contribution rather than a strong critical-point-induced enhancement localized near a specific collision energy.
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