Within the framework of Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics transport model, the cluster dynamics and double differential cross sections in the spallation reactions have been systematically investigated. The cluster yields are contributed from the preequilibrium emission in the cascade collisions and from the statistical decay via the hot fragments, in which the surface coalescence and GEMINI statistical decay are used for the cluster production. The spallation reactions of proton, deuteron, triton and α on 208Pb, 209Bi and 232Th are systematically investigated. It is demonstrated that the energetic clusters are mainly contributed from the preequilibrium emission, in particular at the kinetic energy above 30 MeV. The more bound nucleus is available for the production in the spallation reactions, i.e., the larger yields for α in comparison with 3He. The kinetic energy tail of cluster production is enhanced with increasing the beam energy. The low-energy clusters are produced from the decay of hot fragments and correlated with the energy deposition. The experimental double differential cross sections are well reproduced within the combined approach.