• Accepted Paper

Causally connected regions in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Olivia Chabowski and Joseph I. Kapusta

Phys. Rev. C - Accepted 7 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9gxh-spl6

Abstract

Quantifying causal connections within fireballs resulting from high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions is pertinent to assessing the viability of several proposed mechanisms that directly influence particle production and correlations. Fireball causal connections have previously been studied in the context of 1+1 dimensional Bjorken flow. We expand into 3+1 dimensions using Gubser flow, which includes transverse expansion. Our findings suggest that the volume of these causally connected fireballs are on the order of 10 to 100 fm3 for observables dependent on the formation of the light quark condensates, but could be larger for other observables.

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