In nuclear β-decay calculations, the axial-vector coupling constant gA ≈ 1.27 usually needs to be quenched phenomenologically by a factor q ≈ 0.75 to reproduce the Gamow-Teller (GT) transition strengths. We propose a novel approach to quench the GT strength of β-decay within the microscopic random phase approximation (RPA) plus particle-vibration coupling (PVC) approach, incorporating the contributions of two-body currents (TBC) derived from chiral effective field theory (χEFT). Self-consistent RPA+PVC calculations are performed in three doubly magic nuclei, 56Ni, 100Sn, and 132Sn, with various Skyrme energy density functionals, and the effect of TBC is evaluated by using the obtained many-body wavefunctions. A combined effects of the many-body correlations introduced by PVC and chiral TBC quench the GT strength and reproduce quantitatively experimental data without any additional adjustments. The extracted quenching factors q by the present microscopic model lie in the range ≈ 0.73–0.80, which is quite close to the commonly adopted empirical value of q ≈ 0.75.