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Influence of electromagnetic fields on the generation of the directed and elliptic flows of heavy quarks in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Santosh K. Das1,2, Olga Soloveva3, Taesoo Song3, and Elena Bratkovskaya2,3,4

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Phys. Rev. C 112, 064901 – Published 1 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/yppc-ts4n

Abstract

We study the impact of self-generated electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the momentum evolution of charm quarks in the partonic and hadronic medium created in heavy-ion collisions at energies available at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collier (RHIC), using the parton-hadron-string dynamics (PHSD) off-shell transport approach. In the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase, the charm quark interacts with the off-shell partons, whose mass and widths are given by the dynamical quasiparticle model (DQPM), which can reproduce the lattice QCD thermodynamics. The background electromagnetic fields are computed dynamically within the PHSD considering both the spectators and participants protons as well as newly produced charged hadrons, quarks, and antiquarks, which reflects naturally the electric conductivity σel of the medium. We study the directed and elliptic flow of D mesons in the presence of electromagnetic fields. We find that electromagnetically induced v1 splitting in the D meson through D0 and D¯0 mesons is consistent with the experimental data. Furthermore, we notice that the v1 splitting in the heavy quark as a function of pT is more prominent as a probe of the produced electromagnetic fields. However, we find only a small impact of electromagnetic fields on the heavy quark elliptic flow v2.

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Phys. Rev. C 112, 064901– Published 1 December, 2025
  • Received 1 August 2025
  • Accepted 20 October 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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