A unified description of full reaction channels in low-energy heavy-ion collisions is a great challenge. Although, the theoretical models based on the dinuclear system (DNS) concept have been successfully employed in multinucleon transfer (MNT) reactions, the underestimation of the quasielastic (QE) channel results in unreliable description of few-nucleon transfer, especially for the light reaction systems. In this work, the DNS-sysu model is improved by introducing the impact-parameter-dependent transition probabilities for a unified description of few-nucleon and many-nucleon transfer in MNT reactions. Extensive experimental data—including reactions such as ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, ${}^{58,64}\mathrm{Ni}$, ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$, and ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$—were compared with the model predictions. The calculated isotopic distributions, mass distributions, and charge distributions show good agreement with experimental measurements. The improved DNS-sysu model enables reasonable characterization and description of the QE scattering or grazing collision, notably resolving long-standing underestimation in the QE channel.

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• Heavy-ion reaction mechanisms
• Low & intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
• Nuclear reactions