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Concentrated valence nucleons transfer in heavy-ion collisions: Implications for the discovery of stable superheavy elements

Zepeng Gao1, Yinu Zhang1, and Long Zhu1,2,*

  • *Contact author: zhulong@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. C 112, L031601 – Published 5 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/wr7j-72w4

Abstract

The multinucleon transfer process is regarded as a promising pathway for producing the stable superheavy elements. However, the underlying mechanism, especially the possible transfer channels for sailing to the “island of stability” are poorly known. In this work, the time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory is used to investigate the collision dynamics of Xe136, Pt198, U238+U238 reactions. A novel reaction channel of the concentrated valence nucleons (CVN) transferring is found in the collisions heading on the tips of U238. These nucleons are transferred with relatively short relaxation time and break the symmetry of nucleon exchange in the early reaction stage. In consequence, the mass equilibrium with relaxation time is deviated from the systematic behavior based on the macroscopic-microscopic potential energy surface. The CVN transfer channel shows promising prospect for producing neutron-rich superheavy nuclei. In this case, we also investigated the angular distributions of products from the CVN transfer channel in the reaction U238+U238 with tip-side configuration, and the optimal detection angles are predicted.

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