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Soft-hard framework with exact four-momentum conservation for small systems

I. Soudi1,2,3, W. Zhao1,4,5, A. Majumder1, C. Shen1,6, J. H. Putschke1, B. Boudreaux1, A. Angerami7, R. Arora8, S. A. Bass9 et al. (The JETSCAPE Collaboration)

S. A. Bass9, Y. Chen10,11,12, R. Datta1, L. Du13,4,5, R. Ehlers4,5, H. Elfner14,15,16, R. J. Fries17,18, C. Gale13, Y. He19, B. V. Jacak4,5, P. M. Jacobs4,5, S. Jeon13, Y. Ji20, L. Kasper12, M. Kelsey1, M. Kordell, II17,18, A. Kumar21,13, R. Kunnawalkam-Elayavalli12, J. Latessa8, Y.-J. Lee10,11, R. Lemmon22, M. Luzum23, S. Mak20, A. Mankolli12, C. Martin24, H. Mehryar8, T. Mengel24, C. Nattrass24, J. Norman25, C. Parker17,18, J.-F. Paquet12, H. Roch1, G. Roland10,11, B. Schenke26, L. Schwiebert8, A. Sengupta17,18, M. Singh12, C. Sirimanna1,9, D. Soeder27, R. A. Soltz1,7, Y. Tachibana28, J. Velkovska12, G. Vujanovic21, X.-N. Wang29,4,5, and X. Wu13,1 (The JETSCAPE Collaboration)

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
  • 2University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
  • 3Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
  • 4Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
  • 5Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
  • 6RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
  • 7Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
  • 8Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
  • 9Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
  • 10Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachuaetts 02139, USA
  • 11Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 12Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
  • 13Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal QC H3A 2T8, Canada
  • 14GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
  • 15Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 16Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 17Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
  • 18Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
  • 19School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
  • 20Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
  • 21Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
  • 22Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, WA44AD, United Kingdom
  • 23Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
  • 24Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
  • 25Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • 26Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
  • 27Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
  • 28Akita International University, Yuwa, Akita-city 010-1292, Japan
  • 29Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

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Phys. Rev. C 112, 014905 – Published 17 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/r8jt-1xpk

Abstract

A new framework, called x-scape, for the combined study of both hard and soft transverse momentum sectors in high-energy proton-proton (p−p) and proton-nucleus (p−A) collisions is set up. A dynamical initial state is set up using the 3d-Glauber model with transverse locations of hotspots within each incoming nucleon. A hard scattering that emanates from two colliding hotspots is carried out using the Pythia generator. Initial state radiation from the incoming hard partons is carried out in a new module called I-matter, which includes the longitudinal location of initial splits. The energy-momentum of both the initial hard partons and their associated beam remnants is removed from the hot spots, depleting the energy-momentum available for the formation of the bulk medium. Outgoing showers are simulated using the matter generator, and results are presented for both cases, allowing for and not allowing for energy loss. First comparisons between this hard-soft model and single inclusive hadron and jet data from p−p and minimum bias p−Pb collisions are presented. Single hadron spectra in p−p are used to carry out a limited (in number of parameters) Bayesian calibration of the model. Fair comparisons with data are indicative of the utility of this new framework. Theoretical studies of the correlation between jet pT and event activity at mid and forward rapidity are carried out.

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Phys. Rev. C 112, 014905– Published 17 July, 2025
  • Received 9 August 2024
  • Revised 21 January 2025
  • Accepted 17 June 2025
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