- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review C

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Inclusive electron scattering in the resonance region off a hydrogen target with CLAS12

V. Klimenko7,1, D. S. Carman41, R. W. Gothe38, K. Joo7, N. Markov7,41, V. I. Mokeev41, G. Niculescu23, P. Achenbach41, J. S. Alvarado33 et al. (CLAS Collaboration)

J. S. Alvarado33, W. Armstrong1, H. Atac39, H. Avakian41, L. Baashen24, N. A. Baltzell41, L. Barion16, M. Bashkanov44, M. Battaglieri18, F. Benmokhtar9, A. Bianconi2,19, A. S. Biselli10, S. Boiarinov41, F. Bossù36, K.-Th. Brinkmann22, W. J. Briscoe14, W. K. Brooks40, V. D. Burkert41, S. Bueltmann32, R. Capobianco7, J. Carvajal12, A. Celentano18, P. Chatagnon36,33, G. Ciullo16,11, A. D'Angelo20,35, N. Dashyan43, M. Defurne36, R. De Vita18,41, A. Deur41, S. Diehl22,7, C. Dilks41, C. Djalali31, R. Dupré33, H. Egiyan41, A. El Alaoui40, L. El Fassi27, L. Elouadrhiri41, S. Fegan44, I. P. Fernando42, A. Filippi21, G. Gavalian41, G. P. Gilfoyle34, D. I. Glazier15, K. Hafidi1, H. Hakobyan40, M. Hattawy32, F. Hauenstein41, T. B. Hayward26, D. Heddle6,41, A. N. Hiller Blin41, A. Hobart33, M. Holtrop28, Y. Ilieva38, D. G. Ireland15, E. L. Isupov37, H. Jiang15, H. S. Jo25, S. Joosten1,39, T. Kageya41, D. Keller42, A. Kim7, W. Kim25, H. T. Klest1, A. Kripko22, V. Kubarovsky41, S. E. Kuhn32, L. Lanza20, S. Lee1, P. Lenisa16,11, K. Livingston15, I. J. D. MacGregor15, D. Marchand33, D. Martiryan43, V. Mascagna2,19, D. Matamoris33, B. McKinnon15, T. Mineeva40, M. Mirazita17, C. Munoz Camacho33, P. Nadel-Turonski38,41, T. Nagorna18, K. Neupane38, S. Niccolai33, M. Osipenko18, M. Paolone29,39, L. L. Pappalardo16,11, R. Paremuzyan41,28, E. Pasyuk41, S. J. Paul3, W. Phelps6,41, N. Pilleux1, S. Polcher Rafael36, J. W. Price4, Y. Prok32, B. A. Raue12, J. Richards7, M. Ripani18, J. Ritman13, P. Rossi41,17, A. A. Rusova37, C. Salgado6,30, S. Schadmand13, A. Schmidt14,26, Y. G. Sharabian41, E. V. Shirokov37, S. Shrestha39, N. Sparveris39, M. Spreafico18, S. Stepanyan41, I. I. Strakovsky14, S. Strauch38, J. A Tan25, M. Tenorio32, N. Trotta7, R. Tyson41, M. Ungaro41, S. Vallarino16, L. Venturelli2,19, T. Vittorini18, H. Voskanyan43, E. Voutier33, D. P. Watts44, U. Weerasinghe27, X. Wei41, M. H. Wood5, L. Xu33, N. Zachariou44, Z. W. Zhao8, and M. Zurek1 (CLAS Collaboration)

  • 1Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
  • 2Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
  • 3University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
  • 4California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
  • 5Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
  • 6Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
  • 7University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
  • 8Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
  • 9Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
  • 10Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
  • 11Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
  • 12Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
  • 13GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
  • 14The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
  • 15University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
  • 16INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
  • 17INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
  • 18INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
  • 19INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
  • 20INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
  • 21INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
  • 22II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
  • 23James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807
  • 24King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • 25Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
  • 26Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 27Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
  • 28University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
  • 29New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
  • 30Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
  • 31Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
  • 32Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
  • 33Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
  • 34University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
  • 35Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
  • 36IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 37Skobeltsyn Nuclear Physics Institute and Physics Department at Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
  • 38University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
  • 39Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
  • 40Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
  • 41Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
  • 42University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
  • 43Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
  • 44University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom

PDF

Phys. Rev. C 112, 025201 – Published 25 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qy4p-dyjt

Abstract

Inclusive electron scattering cross sections off a hydrogen target at a beam energy of 10.6 GeV have been measured with data collected from the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. These first absolute cross sections from CLAS12 cover a wide kinematic area in invariant mass W of the final state hadrons from the pion threshold up to 2.5 GeV for each bin in virtual photon four-momentum transfer squared Q2 from 2.55 to 10.4GeV2 owing to the large scattering angle acceptance of the CLAS12 detector. Comparison of the cross sections with the resonant contributions computed from the CLAS results on the nucleon resonance electroexcitation amplitudes has demonstrated a promising opportunity to extend the information on their Q2 evolution up to 10 GeV2. Together these results from CLAS and CLAS12 offer good prospects for probing the nucleon parton distributions at large fractional parton momenta x for W<2.5 GeV, while covering the range of distances where the transition from the strongly coupled to the perturbative regimes is expected.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (71)

  1. A. Accardi, L. T. Brady, W. Melnitchouk, J. F. Owens, and N. Sato, Phys. Rev. D 93, 114017 (2016).
  2. S. I. Alekhin et al., Phys. Rev. D 96, 014011 (2017).
  3. R. D. Ball et al. (NNPDF Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 663 (2017).
  4. J. Gao, L. Harland-Lang, and J. Rojo, Phys. Rep. 742, 1 (2018).
  5. H. Georgi and H. D. Politzer, Phys. Rev. D 14, 1829 (1976).
  6. I. Schienbein et al., J. Phys. G 35, 053101 (2008).
  7. A. Bodek et al., Phys. Rev. D 20, 1471 (1979).
  8. M. Osipenko et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 67, 092001 (2003).
  9. S. P. Malace et al., Phys. Rev. C 80, 035207 (2009).
  10. V. Tvaskis et al., Phys. Rev. C 97, 045204 (2018).
  11. Y. Liang et al. (Jefferson Lab E94-110 Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 105, 065205 (2022).
  12. B. A. Mecking et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 503, 513 (2003).
  13. M. E. Christy and P. E. Bosted, Phys. Rev. C 81, 055213 (2010).
  14. W. Melnitchouk, R. Ent, and C. Keppel, Phys. Rep. 406, 127 (2005).
  15. E. D. Bloom and F. J. Gilman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 1140 (1970).
  16. E. D. Bloom and F. J. Gilman, Phys. Rev. D 4, 2901 (1971).
  17. I. G. Aznauryan and V. D. Burkert, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 67, 1 (2012).
  18. V. I. Mokeev et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Few-Body Syst. 59, 46 (2018).
  19. V. I. Mokeev et al. (CLAS Collaboration), EPJ Web Conf. 241, 03003 (2020).
  20. D. S. Carman, K. Joo, and V. I. Mokeev, Few-Body Syst. 61, 29 (2020).
  21. V. I. Mokeev et al., Phys. Rev. C 108, 025204 (2023).
  22. V. I. Mokeev and D. S. Carman, Nuovo Cimento C 47, 216 (2024).
  23. V. I. Mokeev et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 86, 035203 (2012).
  24. V. I. Mokeev et al., Phys. Rev. C 93, 025206 (2016).
  25. D. S. Carman, R. W. Gothe, V. I. Mokeev, and C. D. Roberts, Particles 6, 416 (2023).
  26. A. N. Hiller Blin et al., Phys. Rev. C 100, 035201 (2019).
  27. A. N. Hiller Blin, W. Melnitchouk, V. I. Mokeev, V. D. Burkert, V. V. Chesnokov, A. Pilloni, and A. P. Szczepaniak, Phys. Rev. C 104, 025201 (2021).
  28. A. N. Hiller Blin, V. I. Mokeev, and W. Melnitchouk, Phys. Rev. C 107, 035202 (2023).
  29. V. D. Burkert et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 959, 163419 (2020).
  30. Y.-Q. Ma and J. W. Qiu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 022003 (2018).
  31. A. V. Radyushkin, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35, 2030002 (2020).
  32. K. Orginos, A. Radyushkin, J. Karpie, and S. Zafeiropoulos, Phys. Rev. D 96, 094503 (2017).
  33. H-W. Lin, PoS LHCP2021, 352 (2021).
  34. C. Alexandrou, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2586, 012001 (2023).
  35. Y. Lu et al., Phys. Lett. B 830, 137130 (2022).
  36. P.-L. Yin et al., Chin. Phys. Lett. 40, 091201 (2023).
  37. J. Segovia et al., Few-Body Syst. 59, 26 (2018).
  38. C. Mezrag et al., Phys. Lett. B 783, 263 (2018).
  39. V. D. Burkert, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 68, 405 (2018).
  40. V. D. Burkert, EPJ Web Conf. 241, 01004 (2020).
  41. M. D. Mestayer et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 959, 163518 (2020).
  42. Y. G. Sharabian et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 968, 163824 (2020).
  43. G. Asryan et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 959, 163425 (2020).
  44. D. S. Carman et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 960, 163629 (2020).
  45. S. Boyarinov et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 966, 163698 (2020).
  46. B. Raydo et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 960, 163529 (2020).
  47. V. Ziegler et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 959, 163472 (2020).
  48. R. Capobianco et al., CLAS12-Note 2023-001 (2023), https://misportal.jlab.org/mis/physics/clas12/viewFile.cfm/2023-001.pdf?documentId=83.
  49. M. Ungaro et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 959, 163422 (2020).
  50. S. S. Agostinelli et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 506, 250 (2003).
  51. M. Sargsyan, CLAS-NOTE 90-007 (1990), https://www.jlab.org/Hall-B/notes/clas_notes90/note90-007.pdf.
  52. L. W. Mo and Y. S. Tsai, Rev. Mod. Phys. 41, 205 (1969).
  53. S. Stepanyan et al., CLAS12-Note 2020-005 (2020), https://misportal.jlab.org/mis/physics/clas12/viewFile.cfm/2020-005.pdf?documentId=70.
  54. AAO_GEN event generator https://github.com/JeffersonLab/aao_gen
  55. L. Brenner et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35, 2050145 (2020).
  56. G. D'Agostini, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 362, 487 (1995).
  57. RooUnfold github repository, https://gitlab.cern.ch/RooUnfold/RooUnfold.
  58. H. Avakian and P. Bosted, CLASDIS event generator, https://github.com/JeffersonLab/clasdis/blob/master/README.md.
  59. G. Ingelman, A. Edin, and J. Rathsman, Comput. Phys. Commun. 101, 108 (1997).
  60. P. Bosted, CLAS-Note 2004-005 (2004), https://misportal.jlab.org/ul/Physics/Hall-B/clas/viewFile.cfm/2004-005.pdf?documentId=54
  61. R. Fair et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 962, 163578 (2020).
  62. G. V. Fedotov et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 98, 025203 (2018).
  63. G. Ricco et al., Nucl. Phys. B 555, 306 (1999).
  64. A. A. Golubenko, V. V. Chesnokov, B. S. Ishkhanov, and V. I. Mokeev, Phys. Part. Nuclei 50, 587 (2019).
  65. Structure function and cross-section interface website, https://clas.sinp.msu.ru/strfun/.
  66. CLAS Physics Database, http://clasweb.jlab.org/physicsdb.
  67. R. L. Workman et al. (Particle Data Group), Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys 2022, 083C01 (2022).
  68. V. I. Mokeev et al., Phys. Lett. B 805, 135457 (2020).
  69. A. Accardi et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 60, 173 (2024).
  70. S. J. Brodsky et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 29, 2030006 (2020).
  71. M. Ding, C. D. Roberts, and S. M. Schmidt, Particles 6, 57 (2023).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. C 112, 025201– Published 25 August, 2025
  • Received 24 January 2025
  • Accepted 26 June 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation