Background: After two decades of systematic optical model (OM) analyses [L. C. Chamon et al., Phys. Rev. C 66, 014610 (2002); M. A. G. Alvarez et al., Nucl. Phys. A 723, 93 (2003); M. A. G. Alvarez et al., Nucl. Phys. A 753, 83 (2005); M. A. G. Alvarez et al., Phys. Rev. C 100, 064602 (2019); L. Garrido-Gómez et al., Phys. Rev. C 109, 054608 (2024); M. A. G. Alvarez et al., Phys. Rev. C 103, 054614 (2021)], a protocol has been developed to establish a common framework for describing reactions involving both tightly and weakly bound stable nuclei. This protocol involves applying different variants of OM, based on the double-folding São Paulo potential, along with the corresponding optical potentials (OP), to predict and/or reproduce experimental nuclear reaction data.

Purpose: The present work provides new data and theoretical calculations on the angular distributions of elastic scattering of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}+{}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ and the following nuclear reaction channels: inelastic excitations to the $2^{+}$ state at 1171.27(2) keV and to the $3^{-}$ state at 2400.30(5) keV of the ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ target, ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ one-proton stripping ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}({}^{12}\mathrm{C},{}^{11}\mathrm{B}){}^{121}\mathrm{Sb}$, and one-neutron pickup ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}({}^{12}\mathrm{C},{}^{13}\mathrm{C}){}^{119}\mathrm{Sn}$ transfer reactions. The data were obtained at two bombarding energies: one below ($E_{\text{lab}}\approx 39$ MeV) and one above ($E_{\text{lab}}\approx 47$ MeV) the Coulomb barrier ($V_B\approx 42$ MeV).

Method: We perform OM calculations and compare them with the experimental data. The corresponding OP, based on the SPP, is determined. The OP, obtained from the elastic scattering analysis, is applied to the nuclear reaction calculations. Theoretical coupled channels and coupled reaction channels calculations are compared with the data.

Results: The analysis using the so-called São Paulo optical model protocol (SP-OMP) provides a better understanding of the dynamics of nuclear reactions as a function of bombarding energy and nuclear density models of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$. The SP-OMP effectively describes the elastic scattering cross sections of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}+{}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$, with results consistent with previous systematic studies [M. A. G. Alvarez et al., Nucl. Phys. A 723, 93 (2003); M. A. G. Alvarez et al., Phys. Rev. C 100, 064602 (2019)]. The angular distributions related to the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}+{}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ inelastic excitations and nucleon transfer reactions are very well described by the coupling scheme of the theoretical calculations. Thus, we verified the contribution of each individual inelastic channel to reproduce the elastic scattering angular distributions. Comparisons of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{+}^{119,120}\mathrm{Sn}$ are proposed.

Conclusion: The determined OP applied to microscopic nuclear reaction coupled-channel calculations represents a powerful tool for a consistent analysis of nuclear reactions.

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• Elastic scattering reactions
• Low & intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
• Models & methods for nuclear reactions
• Nuclear reactions