Collective effects in O-O and Ne-Ne collisions at TeV from a hybrid approach
Phys. Rev. C 113, 054901 – Published 1 May, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nvq9-55gq
Abstract
Many features of heavy-ion collisions are well described by hybrid approaches, where the droplet of strongly coupled quark gluon plasma (QGP) is modeled by hydrodynamics and the subsequent dilute stage is performed with a hadronic transport model. Conventionally, the formation of a QGP is well established in larger collision systems like lead and gold. However, hints of collectivity were found even in proton-proton collisions, raising the question where the onset of QGP formation lays. This study aims at making predictions for the light-ions run at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in July 2025, in order to explore the applicability of hybrid approaches in smaller collision systems. We employ three different models: the SMASH-vHLLE-hybrid approach, the pure hadronic cascade of SMASH, and Angantyr to simulate O-O collisions at a center-of-mass energy of . This setup allows us to compare evolutions with and without a hydrodynamic description on an equal basis, while Angantyr serves as a baseline for no collective effects.
