We perform a study of electromagnetic radiation in heavy-ion collisions at energies available at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Beam Energy Scan (BES) and the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) using the iEBE-MUSIC framework, which includes three-dimensional (3D) dynamical Monte Carlo Glauber initial conditions, MUSIC $(3+1)\mathrm{D}$ viscous relativistic hydrodynamics, and the UrQMD hadronic afterburner. The multistage modeling has been calibrated to hadronic data at RHIC-BES energies using a Bayesian analysis. Integrating the thermal photon emission rates with the medium evolution, we study the direct photon yield and elliptic flow and how they vary with collision energy and emission source. We compare with results obtained by the STAR and PHENIX Collaborations. We employ next-to-leading order thermal QCD dilepton emission rates to compute dilepton invariant mass spectra and extract the effective temperature of the quark-gluon plasma at different collision energies.

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• Photon, lepton & quark production
• Quark-gluon plasma
• Relativistic heavy-ion collisions