- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review C

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Impact of new results from ultraperipheral collisions on modeling the proton and neutron emission in photon-induced nuclear processes

P. Jucha1,*, K. Mazurek1,†, A. Szczurek1,2,‡, and K. Pysz1,§

  • *Contact author: Pawel.Jucha@ifj.edu.pl
  • †Contact author: Katarzyna.Mazurek@ifj.edu.pl
  • ‡Contact author: Antoni.Szczurek@ifj.edu.pl
  • §Contact author: Krzysztof.Pysz@ifj.edu.pl
PDF

Phys. Rev. C 113, 024909 – Published 17 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nds6-c3kv

Abstract

Ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy ions provide a rich spectrum of possibilities to discuss the response of the nucleus to photons. Newly published neutron and proton multiplicities measured in the ALICE experiment in ultraperipheral collisions allow us to investigate the influence of the electromagnetic fields on colliding nuclei for the Pb208+Pb208 at sNN=5.02 TeV. The theoretical predictions are done within a hybrid model including equivalent photon approximations, GiBUU modeling of preequilibrium processes, and generation of the excited nuclear remnants, where decay is modeled by a statistical approach: GEM2 or GEMINI++. The cross sections of the mass-charge distributions of nuclear remnants as well as the neutron, proton, and other charged particle multiplicities are estimated. We concentrate on production of protons and isotopes coming from the electromagnetic dissociation. Special attention is devoted to emission of a single proton. It is explained in the paper that cross section for 1p emission is very close to maximal available one based on reactions of photon with individual nucleons (protons or neutrons) inside the nucleus.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (61)

  1. S. Acharya, et al., Phys. Rev. C 107, 064902 (2023).
  2. P. Jucha, M. Kłusek-Gawenda, A. Szczurek, M. Ciemała, and K. Mazurek, Phys. Rev. C 111, 034901 (2025).
  3. P. Jucha, K. Mazurek, M. Kłusek-Gawenda, M. Ciemała, A. Szczurek, Y. Shevchuk, and S. Słotwinski, Acta Phys. Pol. B Proc. Suppl. 18, 2 (2025).
  4. A. J. Baltz, Y. Gorbunov, S. R. Klein, and J. Nystrand, Phys. Rev. C 80, 044902 (2009).
  5. M. Herman, R. Capote, B. Carlson, P. Obložinský, M. Sin, A. Trkov, H. Wienke, and V. Zerkin, Nucl. Data Sheets 108, 2655 (2007).
  6. R. J. Charity, Phys. Rev. C 82, 014610 (2010).
  7. D. Lacroix, A. Van Lauwe, and D. Durand, Phys. Rev. C 69, 054604 (2004).
  8. S. Acharya, et al., Phys. Rev. C 111, 054906 (2025).
  9. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1972).
  10. I. A. Pshenichnov, I. N. Mishustin, J. P. Bondorf, A. S. Botvina, and A. S. Iljinov, Phys. Rev. C 60, 044901 (1999).
  11. O. Buss, T. Gaitanos, K. Gallmeister, H. van Hees, M. Kaskulov, O. Lalakulich, T. L. A. Larionov, J. Weil, and U. Mosel, Phys. Rep. 512, 1 (2012).
  12. L. A. Sopln, R. C. Fernndez, J. Gustafson, D. Quinn, and S. Yadav, Comput. Phys. Commun. 311, 109553 (2025).
  13. R. A. Yassine, et al. (HADES Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 108, 064902 (2023).
  14. R. A. Yassine, et al. (HADES Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. A 60, 18 (2024).
  15. A. B. Larionov, T. Gaitanos, and U. Mosel, Phys. Rev. C 85, 024614 (2012).
  16. V. F. Weisskopf and D. H. Ewing, Phys. Rev. 57, 472 (1940).
  17. S. Furihata, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 171, 251 (2000).
  18. S. Furihata and T. Nakamura, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 39, 758 (2002).
  19. A. Gilbert and A. G. W. Cameron, Can. J. Phys. 43, 1446 (1965).
  20. R. E. Prael and H. Liechtenstein, User guide to LCS: The LAHET code system, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1989.
  21. M. Ciemała, et al., Phys. Rev. C 91, 054313 (2015).
  22. W. Hauser and H. Feshbach, Phys. Rev. 87, 366 (1952).
  23. P. Möller, J. R. Nix, W. D. Myers, and W. J. Świątecki, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 59, 185 (1995).
  24. J. Ahrens, H. Borchert, K. H. Czock, H. B. Eppler, H. Grimm, H. Gundrum, M. Kröning, P. Riehn, G. Sita Ram, A. Zieger, and B. Ziegler, Nucl. Phys. A 251, 479 (1975).
  25. C. Guaraldo, V. Lucherini, E. De Sanctis, A. Iljinov, M. Mebel, and S. Lo Nigro, Il Nuovo Cimento A 103, 607 (1990).
  26. K. Pysz, Phys. Rev. C 91, 011602(R) (2015).
  27. A. Budzanowski, et al., Phys. Rev. C 82, 034605 (2010).
  28. A. Budzanowski, et al., Phys. Rev. C 80, 054604 (2009).
  29. M. Fidelus, et al., Phys. Rev. C 89, 054617 (2014).
  30. A. Leprêtre, H. Beil, R. Bergere, P. Carlos, J. Fagot, A. Veyssiere, J. Ahrens, P. Axel, and U. Kneissl, Phys. Lett. B 79, 43 (1978).
  31. A. Leprêtre, H. Beil, R. Bergère, P. Carlos, J. Fagot, A. De Miniac, and A. Veyssière, Nucl. Phys. A 367, 237 (1981).
  32. A. Leprêtre, H. Beil, R. Bergère, P. Carlos, J. Fagot, A. Veyssière, and I. Halpern, Nucl. Phys. A 390, 221 (1982).
  33. M. Broz, J. G. Contreras, J. D. Tapia Takaki, Comput. Phys. Commun. 253, 107181 (2020).
  34. I. A. Pshenichnov, Phys. Part. Nuclei 42, 215 (2011).
  35. C. Y. Fu, T. A. Gabriel, and R. A. Lillie, Proceedings of the Third Specialists Meeting on SATIF-3 Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 1997, OECD/NEA (OECD Publishing, Paris, 1998), pp. 49–60.
  36. D. P. Watts, I. J. D. MacGregor, J. Ahrens, J. R. M. Annand, R. Beck, D. Branford, P. Grabmayr, S. J. Hall, P. D. Harty, T. Hehl, J. D. Kellie, T. Lamparter, M. Liang, J. A. MacKenzie, S. McAllister, J. C. McGeorge, R. O. Owens, M. Sauer, R. Schneider, G. J. Wagner, et al., Phys. Rev. C 62, 014616 (2000).
  37. R. Williams, Ph.D. thesis, University of York, Department of Physics, Engineering and Technology, 2024.
  38. C. Bochna, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4576 (1998).
  39. M. Kłusek-Gawenda, M. Ciemała, W. Schäfer, and A. Szczurek, Phys. Rev. C 89, 054907 (2014).
  40. J. Dudek and T. Werner, J. Phys. G 4, 1543 (1978).
  41. J. Dudek, A. Majhofer, J. Skalski, T. Werner, S. Cwiok, and W. Nazarewicz, J. Phys. G 5, 1359 (1979).
  42. J. Dudek, W. Nazarewicz, and T. Werner, Nucl. Phys. A 341, 253 (1980).
  43. J. Dudek, Z. Szymański, and T. Werner, Phys. Rev. C 23, 920 (1981).
  44. S. Cwiok, J. Dudek, W. Nazarewicz, J. Skalski, and T. Werner, Comput. Phys. Commun. 46, 379 (1987).
  45. H. Dahmen, F. Dreyer, J. Staude, and H. Thies, Nucl. Phys. A 164, 140 (1971).
  46. T. Sato and T. S. H. Lee, Phys. Rev. C 54, 2660 (1996).
  47. A. Donnachie and P. Landshoff, Phys. Lett. B 478, 146 (2000).
  48. A. Bolz, C. Ewerz, M. Maniatis, O. Nachtmann, M. Sauter, and A. Schöning, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2015) 151.
  49. A. Cisek, W. Schäfer, and A. Szczurek, Phys. Lett. B 836, 137595 (2023).
  50. L. Frankfurt, V. Guzey, M. Strikman, and M. Zhalov, Phys. Lett. B 752, 51 (2016).
  51. G. Ingelman, A. Edin, and J. Rathsman, Comput. Phys. Commun. 101, 108 (1997).
  52. H. Holtmann, G. Levman, N. Nikolaev, A. Szczurek, and J. Speth, Phys. Lett. B 338, 363 (1994).
  53. A. Szczurek, N. Nikolaev, and J. Speth, Phys. Lett. B 428, 383 (1998).
  54. A. Szczurek, G. D. Bosveld, and A. E. Dieperink, Nucl. Phys. A 595, 307 (1995).
  55. A. Szczurek and J. Speth, Nucl. Phys. A 555, 249 (1993).
  56. H. Holtmann, A. Szczurek, and J. Speth, Nucl. Phys. A 596, 631 (1996).
  57. A. Szczurek, A. J. Buchmann, and A. Faessler, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 22, 1741 (1996).
  58. T. E. O. Ericson and W. Weise, Pions and Nuclei (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988).
  59. O. Hen, et al., arXiv:2009.09617.
  60. J. Ryckebusch, W. Cosyn, S. Stevens, C. Casert, and J. Nys, Phys. Lett. B 792, 21 (2019).
  61. M. Duer, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 172502 (2019).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. C 113, 024909– Published 17 February, 2026
  • Received 29 August 2025
  • Revised 7 November 2025
  • Accepted 26 January 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation