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Hadronization of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ baryons from a recombination model in $Pb + Pb$ collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Jing-Zong Zhang ^1,2,3, Hua Zheng ^4,*, and Lilin Zhu ^1,†

¹College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
²Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
³Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, NSFC and Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
⁴School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China

^*Contact author: zhengh@snnu.edu.cn
^†Contact author: zhulilin@scu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. C 114, 014907 – Published 20 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/n36d-45zl

Abstract

The production of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ baryons in $Pb + Pb$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.02$ TeV is investigated within the quark recombination framework, including the energy loss of light and charm quarks inside the hot and dense medium. The model simultaneously describes the transverse momentum ( $p_{T}$ ) spectra of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ baryons, $Λ_{c}^{+} / D^{0}$ yield ratio, which is attributed to the dominance of the quark recombination mechanism in the quark-gluon plasma), and the second harmonic coefficient of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ baryons with emphasis on the effects of minijets on the azimuthal anisotropy. Furthermore, we extend the theoretical calculation to $Pb + Pb$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76$ TeV and make predictions for $Λ_{c}^{+}$ baryons and $Λ_{c}^{+} / D^{0}$ yield ratio. The simultaneous description of the yield, baryon-to-meson ratio, and azimuthal anisotropy further validates that the recombination model is an effective hadronization mechanism in heavy-ion collisions.

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Phys. Rev. C 114, 014907– Published 20 July, 2026

Vol. 114, Iss. 1 — July 2026

Received 10 February 2026
Revised 24 May 2026
Accepted 26 June 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/n36d-45zl

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Hadronization of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ baryons from a recombination model in $Pb + Pb$ collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

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Hadronization of Λc+ baryons from a recombination model in Pb+Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (39)

Hadronization of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ baryons from a recombination model in $Pb + Pb$ collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider